CBSE Class VII English (Poorvi) Unit 5: Bravehearts — Rani Abbakka Questions and Answers

Let us do these activities before we read

I. Solve the riddle given below and share your answer with your classmates and the teacher.

She was a queen who led the fight,
She fought for her country and her right.
With a shining sword in her hand,
Her son on her back in a cloth band
Remembered as a warrior grand,
She died defending her beloved Motherland.
Who is she?

Figure 1: Illustration of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi

Answer: Rani Lakshmibai (of Jhansi).

II. Think of any other women warriors who made a significant contribution to India's struggle for Independence. Share your answers with your classmates and the teacher.

Answer: Rani Velu Nachiyar, Kittur Rani Chennamma, Begum Hazrat Mahal, and Rani Gaidinliu.

Let us discuss

I. Match the words in Column 1 with their meanings in Column 2. Share your answers with your classmates and the teacher.

Column 1	Column 2 (Correct Matching)
1. vassal (n)	(x) a country/ state that is controlled by a more powerful country and has to pay money when needed
2. coronation (n)	(vi) a ceremony at which a person is made king or queen
3. successor (n)	(xi) a person who succeeds another
4. rash (adj.)	(iv) acting or doing something without thinking about the consequences
5. sovereign country (n)	(ix) a country with a government having complete authority
6. league (n)	(v) association or partnership
7. wrath (n)	(i) extreme anger
8. seize (v)	(ii) take hold of suddenly or forcibly
9. resolve (n)	(xiv) determination
10. raged (v)	(iii) happen in a violent way
11. decisive (adj.)	(xiii) showing the ability to make decisions effectively
12. apprehended (v)	(viii) capture
13. dauntless (adj)	(vii) fearless
14. avenge (v)	(xii) take revenge for

II. Complete the table given below based on your understanding of the story. An example has been done for you. Share your answers with your classmates and the teacher.

Cause	Effect
1. Ullal had been captured by the Portuguese.	(i) Ullal had to pay a tribute to the colonial power.
2. Rani Abbakka announced that she would stop paying tribute to the Portuguese and stop selling them spices and cloth.	(ii) Rani Abbakka's husband Veera Narsimha felt it was a hasty decision.
3. Veera Narsimha ordered the soldiers to stop Rani Abbakka when she said she would not be frightened by the Portuguese.	(iii) Not a soldier stirred, and they decided to follow their brave leader instead.
4. Rani Abbakka addressed a meeting of rajas for their support, who felt they would be no match for the Portuguese army and their power.	(iv) Their reactions strengthened Rani Abbakka's resolve to fight the Portuguese alone.
5. The Portuguese replied by firing cannons from across the river.	(v) Rani Abbakka in turn attacked the Portuguese Fort.

Let us think and reflect

I. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.

Portuguese envoy: Our Governor has sent me to remind you that the annual tribute from Ullal is long overdue and...
Rani Abbakka: We are a sovereign country. We don't pay tribute to Portugal. And we don't take orders from the Portuguese!
Portuguese envoy: Your Majesty, you will regret your stand.
Abbakka ordered merchant ships to be built and in alliance with the Zamorin of Kozhikode, she defied the Portuguese and established a hugely profitable trading relation with Arabia.

Figure 2: Rani Abbakka asserting the sovereignty of Ullal

1. What does the word 'tribute' mean in this context?

Answer: In this context, 'tribute' means a regular payment of money made by a weaker state or ruler to a dominant power to show submission or maintain peace.

2. Complete the sentence with a suitable reason. Rani Abbakka says, "We are a sovereign country" because

Answer: ...her country has its own independent government with complete authority and does not take orders from foreign powers like Portugal.

3. Identify whether the following statement is true or false: The Portuguese envoy threatened Rani Abbakka.

Answer: True. (The envoy said, "Your Majesty, you will regret your stand.")

4. Choose a word given in brackets to replace the underlined word: "... she defied the Portuguese and established a hugely profitable trading relation with Arabia." (defeated/disobeyed)

Answer: disobeyed.

5. Choose the option that lists the qualities of Rani Abbakka, based on this extract: (i) bold (ii) thoughtful (iii) capable (iv) generous (v) determined
A. (i), (ii), and (v)
B. (ii), (iii), and (iv)
C. (i), (iii), and (v)
D. (ii), (iv), and (v)

Answer: C. (i), (iii), and (v)

II. Answer the following questions.

1. Rani Abbakka spoke to her mother on her deathbed. How might these words have made her mother feel?

Answer: Her words would have made her mother feel proud, comforted, and peaceful, knowing that her daughter was courageous and determined to free Ullal from Portuguese control.

2. What does the support of the people of Ullal and the soldiers for Rani Abbakka suggest about their mindset?

Answer: It suggests that they were patriotic, highly loyal to their Queen, and desired freedom from foreign rule rather than living in fear of the Portuguese.

3. How might the people of Ullal have felt when the mighty Portuguese were defeated?

Answer: They must have felt overjoyed, immensely proud, empowered, and relieved that their land was finally free from the Portuguese threat.

4. Why do you think Rani Abbakka's victory against the Portuguese would have inspired other rulers to go against a foreign power?

Answer: Her victory proved that even a smaller kingdom could defeat a powerful foreign empire with unity, courage, and determination, breaking the fear that the Portuguese were invincible.

Let us learn

I. Fill in the blanks with 'ie' or 'ei' for the following words.

1. ceiling
2. believe
3. thief
4. achieve
5. perceive
6. protein
7. society
8. shield
9. weight
10. friend

II. Find more words with silent letters.

Answer:

• Silent 'k': knife, knee, knight, knot
• Silent 'b': comb, doubt, lamb, thumb
• Silent 'w': write, wrong, answer, sword
• Silent 'l': half, talk, walk, listen
• Silent 'g': sign, design, foreign, high

III. Use the dictionary page to find the meanings of the following expressions and use them in sentences of your own: burst out laughing, don't make me laugh, laugh until you cry, have a good laugh.

• burst out laughing: To suddenly start laughing.
  Sentence: When the clown performed a funny trick, the children burst out laughing.
• don't make me laugh: Used to show that you think something is impossible or ridiculous.
  Sentence: You think our team will lose to them? Don't make me laugh!
• laugh until you cry: To laugh so long and hard that tears come to your eyes.
  Sentence: The comedian was so hilarious that we laughed until we cried.
• have a good laugh: To find something very amusing and enjoy laughing about it.
  Sentence: We had a good laugh after remembering our funny childhood mistakes.

IV. Rewrite the following sentences in direct speech to indirect speech. Remember to make the necessary changes.

1. The teacher said, "Women of valour have made significant contributions throughout history."
   Indirect: The teacher remarked that women of valour had made significant contributions throughout history.
2. "I enjoy reading historical novels," said Smitha.
   Indirect: Smitha shared that she enjoyed reading historical novels.
3. The captain said to the coach, "Our team won the championship last year."
   Indirect: The captain told the coach that their team had won the championship the previous year.
4. The class teacher said, "Please turn off the lights when you leave."
   Indirect: The class teacher requested the students to turn off the lights when they left.
5. "Finish the work before dinner," said mother to Ravi.
   Indirect: Mother advised Ravi to finish the work before dinner.
6. The vet said to the pet owner, "Take the dog for a walk."
   Indirect: The vet instructed the pet owner to take the dog for a walk.

V. Complete the following paragraph by transforming the dialogue into the indirect form of speech.

Captain: We need to focus on our strategy for the final match.
Player: I have some ideas on how we can improve our strategy.
Captain: Make sure to share those ideas with the team during practice.

The Captain remarked that 1. they needed to focus on their strategy for the final match.
To which one of the players replied that 2. he/she had some ideas on how they could improve their strategy.
The Captain advised the player to 3. make sure to share those ideas with the team during practice.

Let us listen

Complete the bio-table based on the listening transcript about Rani Gaidinliu.

Figure 3: Birth Centenary Commemorative Coin of Rani Gaidinliu

Information	Details
Full Name	Rani Gaidinliu
Date of Birth	January 1. 26, 1915
Place of Birth	Tamenglong district, 2. Manipur
Tribe	Rongmei (Kabui)
Age when joined the Heraka Movement	3. 13 years
Main aim of Movement	Revival of Naga tribal religion and self-rule (Naga Raj)
Year of Arrest Age of Arrest	4. 1932 5. 16 years
Sentence	Life imprisonment
Years of Imprisonment	1932-1947
Title Given	'Daughter of the Hills', 6. 'Rani'
Award	7. Padma Bhushan (1982), Birsa Munda Award (posthumously)
Year of Death	1993
Honour in Silchar, Assam	Park and 8. Statue
Postal Stamp Issued	1996
Commemorative Coin Issued	9. 2015

Let us speak

Work in pairs and pronounce these words by referring to the notes given below. Emphasise the highlighted syllable.

Words	Pronunciation	Notes
1. vassal (n)	va-sul (two syllables)	The /a/ sound in va is similar to van. The word vassal rhymes with apple.
2. successor (n)	suhk seh-suh (three syllables)	The /r/ sound in the end of the word is not pronounced.
3. rash (adj.)	rash (monosyllabic)	The /a/ sound is similar to rat.
4. league (n)	leeg (monosyllabic)	Use the long-ee sound, as in seed.
5. wrath (n)	roth (monosyllabic)	The -w is silent.
6. seize (v)	seez (monosyllabic)	Not to be confused with 'size'.
7. resolve (n)	ri-zolv (two syllables)	The -s becomes the /z/ sound.

Let us write

Write a conversation between two students, Pratap and Tarana, discussing the role played by women in forming India's identity as a strong nation (6 to 8 sentences each).

Figure 4: Kalpana Chawla, an inspirational figure showcasing modern women's achievements

Pratap: Tarana, I have a lot of respect for women like Rani Abbakka and Rani Lakshmibai who fought fearlessly for our country's freedom. Their courage laid the foundation for our nation's strong identity. Even today, women in uniform serve in the Indian Armed Forces to guard our borders. Furthermore, women leaders contribute significantly to governance and policy-making. Modern Indian women are breaking barriers in sports, science, and business. Their hard work proves that women are integral to India's development and global reputation. Indeed, our nation cannot progress without their valuable contributions.

Tarana: I believe in the capabilities of women. Did you know that women scientists played a key role in India's space missions like Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan? Women like Kalpana Chawla have inspired millions of young girls across India to dream big. In everyday life, women teachers, doctors, and workers shape the future of our society. They balance traditional values with modern achievement effortlessly. Their resilience and dedication make India a progressive and powerful nation. I feel proud to see Indian women excelling in every single field today.

Let us explore

In groups of five, find facts about any one brave woman who we remember because of her achievements and present in class (e.g., Kalpana Chawla).

Presentation Topic: Kalpana Chawla

• 1. Childhood: Kalpana Chawla was born on March 17, 1962, in Karnal, Haryana. From her childhood, she was fascinated by airplanes and stars, often drawing pictures of aircraft instead of doing regular artwork.
• 2. Training/Education: She earned her Bachelor's degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Punjab Engineering College, India. Later, she moved to the United States to complete her Master's and Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Colorado.
• 3. Achievements: In 1994, she was selected by NASA as an astronaut candidate. In 1997, she became the first Indian-born woman to fly in space aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-87).
• 4. Contributions: She logged over 30 days and 14 hours in space across two space missions. She conducted critical microgravity experiments that advanced human scientific knowledge.
• 5. What we have learnt from her: She taught us that no dream is too big if you have passion, determination, and hard work. Her life inspires us to reach for the stars regardless of background or gender.

CBSE Class VII English (Poorvi) Unit 5: Bravehearts — My Dear Soldiers Questions and Answers

Unit 5: My Dear Soldiers

Let us do these activities before we read

I. Look around and identify the people who contribute to your life selflessly with a risk to their own lives. Share your answers with your classmates and the teacher.

The people who selflessly contribute to our lives while risking their own lives include soldiers, police officers, firefighters, and healthcare workers during emergencies.

II. Work in pairs. Discuss at least three questions that you would like to ask the people identified in I.

• 1. What gives you the courage to stay strong in dangerous situations?
• 2. How do you manage to stay away from your family for long periods while serving the nation?
• 3. What message would you like to give to young students who look up to you as role models?

Figure 1: A brave soldier carrying a rescued child through water during a relief operation.

Let us discuss

I. Complete the summary with an exact word from the poem. An example has been done for you. Share your answers with your classmates and the teacher.

The poem is a tribute to the soldiers of the 1. land who defend the 2. borders of their country. It highlights their untiring commitment and sacrifices as they guard the nation. The soldiers remain vigilant and dedicated, whether it's windy, snowy, or 3. scorching hot. They walk on 4. lonely stretches of land like the yogis. Their duty takes them to different terrains, including mountains, valleys, 5. deserts and marshes. The poet acknowledges that they have given a major part of their 6. youth to protect the nation. The wind chimes show their respect to the soldiers' 7. feat. The poet concludes with prayers for their well-being and blessings.

II. Select the correct option for the following questions.

1. The theme of the poem is:
Answer: (i) patriotism and sacrifice

2. The tone of the poem is:
(i) admiring, (iii) respectful, (iv) grateful, (v) prayerful
Answer: D. (i), (iii), (iv) and (v)

III. Complete the following sentences by explaining why the poet has used the following poetic devices.

1. Imagery because the poet uses vivid descriptions like "scorching sun's sweltering rays" and "snowy days" to create a clear visual picture of the harsh conditions soldiers face.
2. Simile because the soldiers are likened to yogis to show their disciplined, selfless, and focused nature while walking through lonely expanses.
3. Metaphor because the poet uses wind chimes to express how the natural atmosphere of the land echoes and vibrates with respect for the soldiers' achievements.
4. Repetition of the words 'you' and 'we' because it creates a strong contrast between the soldiers who guard the borders and the citizens who sleep peacefully because of their protection.
5. Alliteration such as 'season or snowy' and 'sun's sweltering' (or 'surveillance in seas') to add a musical quality and rhythm to the poem.

Let us think and reflect

I. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
When we are all asleep
You still hold on to your deed
Windy season or snowy days
Or scorching sun's sweltering rays
You are there guarding all the time awake
Treading the lonely expanses as yogis

1. Identify a set of opposite words from the extract.
Answer: asleep and awake.

2. Complete the sentence appropriately.
The phrase 'still hold on to your deed' refers to the soldier's attitude of unwavering duty, commitment, and determination.

3. Identify whether the following statement is true or false.
The soldiers walk across the deserted stretches of land.
Answer: True.

4. Give evidence from the extract to show that soldiers face harsh weather conditions.
Answer: The lines "Windy season or snowy days / Or scorching sun's sweltering rays" show the harsh weather conditions they endure.

5. Which quality of the soldiers is highlighted in this extract?
Answer: (iv) dedication.

II. Answer the following questions.

1. Who is the speaker of this poem? How can you say so?
The speaker is the former President of India, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. We know this because his name is mentioned at the end of the poem as the poet, and he addresses the soldiers as "defenders of borders" on behalf of the countrymen.

2. How is the theme of the poem conveyed through imagery? Support your answer with examples from the poem.
The theme of selfless service and sacrifice is conveyed through vivid descriptions of extreme weather like "scorching sun's sweltering rays" and challenging landscapes like "climbing the heights" or "defending the deserts". These images highlight the constant hardship soldiers bear to keep us safe.

3. How does the poet highlight the commitment of the soldiers? Provide examples from the poem to support your answer.
The poet highlights their commitment by showing that they guard the nation unconditionally. Examples include staying awake while citizens sleep, standing guard in windy, snowy, or scorching weather, and securing the land, seas, and air continuously.

4. What is the significance of the line 'Prime of your youth given to the nation!!' with reference to sacrifice and service?
This line emphasizes that soldiers spend the best and most energetic years of their lives away from their families and personal comfort to serve and protect the country.

5. The poem ends with a prayer for the soldiers' well-being and blessings. Why is it important for each one of us to pray for the well-being of soldiers?
It is important because soldiers constantly risk their lives in extreme conditions to ensure our security and peaceful living. Praying for them shows our deep gratitude and moral support for their selfless sacrifices.

Let us learn

I. The poem mentions a few terrains (physical features of land)—valleys, deserts, and marshes. Identify the terrains from the box given below. There are two that you do not need.
[ghats, river, plateau, delta, bay, peninsula, mountains]

The terrains identified from the options are: ghats, plateau, delta, peninsula, mountains.
(The two words not needed are: river and bay, as they are water bodies).

II. Fill in the blanks by choosing the words given in the brackets that collocate appropriately.

1. The hikers reached the peak of the mountain after several days of trekking through challenging conditions.
2. The barren landscape of the desert made it nearly impossible to find any water sources.
3. In the rainforest, the dense forest provides a habitat for a diverse range of wildlife.
4. Chitra is a very adventurous person and enjoys mountain climbing.
5. I'll try to get back in time, but I'm not making any promises.

Let us listen

I & II. Think and complete the poem titled 'A Soldier's Pride', then listen to the poem and correct your answers.

In fields so vast, our soldiers stand,
With hearts so brave, and firm 1. command,
They guard our land both night and 2. day,
To keep our fears and foes at bay.

With every dawn and setting 3. sun,
Their duty calls, it must be done,
Through 4. stormy skies and blazing heat,
They 5. march along with steady feet.

For love of land, they 6. fight and strive,
To keep our hopes and 7. dreams alive,
With pride and honour, they defend,
Our 8. India, till the very end.

Figure 2: A soldier walking hand-in-hand with children, symbolizing protection and care.

Let us speak

1. Work in pairs and practise reciting the poem 'My Dear Soldiers'. Pause briefly at (/) and emphasise the highlighted words.

(Practice activity to be performed in pairs as guided by the recitation cues given in the text).

2. Now, recite aloud in groups of 8-10 following the guidelines (volume, pace, posture, and facial expressions).

(Group recitation exercise to be carried out in the classroom using proper tone, steady pace, and confident posture).

Let us write

I. Compose your own acrostic poem using the letters S-O-L-D-I-E-R.

S - Standing brave on the border
O - On duty day and night
L - Loving the country above all
D - Defending us with all their might
I - Inspiring us with courage
E - Ever ready to sacrifice
R - Respect for them in our hearts forever
      

II. Draft a note of gratitude for the soldiers' selfless service to the nation. (Word limit: 50 words)

Dear Bravehearts,

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude for your selfless service and courage. You guard our borders day and night in extreme weather so that we can live safely. Your sacrifice inspires us every day. Thank you for protecting our motherland with dedication.

With deep respect,
[Your Name]

Let us explore

I. Design a badge of honour for the soldiers with a self-designed logo and slogan.

Badge Design Activity Instructions:
1. Create a shield or star shape on cardboard/paper.
2. Draw a central logo like a shining star with the Tricolour stripes.
3. Add a slogan such as "Valour and Victory" or "Guardians of the Nation".

II. Find out any poem or story in your mother tongue or regional language about the sacrifices and bravery of soldiers. Make a presentation in the class.

Students can select famous regional poems (such as "Pushp ki Abhilasha" by Makhanlal Chaturvedi in Hindi) and prepare a brief presentation highlighting how the poem praises the sacrifices of brave soldiers protecting the nation.

CBSE Class VII English (Poorvi) Unit 5: Bravehearts — A Homage to Our Brave Soldiers Questions and Answers

Unit 5: Bravehearts - A Homage to Our Brave Soldiers

Let us do these activities before we read: I. Homage means 'something that is said or done to show respect publicly for someone'. Whom should every Indian pay homage to? Share your answers with your classmates and the teacher.

Every Indian should pay homage to the brave soldiers of the Indian Armed Forces who fight to protect our country and sacrifice their lives so that we can lead our lives in peace.

Let us do these activities before we read: II. Work in pairs to complete the table by writing any three ways in which we can celebrate the victories and honour the sacrifices of the soldiers. An example has been done for you. Share your answers with your classmates and the teacher.

Celebrating their Victories	Honouring their Sacrifices
Visiting a war memorial	Offering flowers and wreaths as a mark of respect
Organising presentations and assemblies in schools about their valiant acts	Dedicating patriotic poems and writing letters of gratitude
Creating collages, memory books, or murals depicting their brave stories	Observing moments of silence at national memorials and shrines

Figure 1: School students paying respect and saluting the Indian National Flag.

Figure 2: Param Vir Chakra awardee Lance Naik Albert Ekka.

Figure 3: Information board explaining the four concentric circles (Chakras) of the National War Memorial.

Figure 4: Major Padmapani Acharya, Maha Vir Chakra awardee during Operation Vijay (Kargil War 1999).

Let us discuss (Part I - Page 187)

I. Complete the table given below. An example has been done for you. Check your answers with the teacher.

Name of the War Hero	Contribution and Achievement	Award Given
Major Somnath Sharma	Battle of Badgam in 1947	First Param Vir Chakra awarded posthumously
Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla	Exemplary courage and leadership during the 1971 War	Maha Vir Chakra
Lance Naik Albert Ekka	Silenced enemy Machine Guns and saved comrades at Gangasagar in 1971	Param Vir Chakra (posthumously)
Major Padmapani Acharya	Captured a heavily fortified enemy position in Kargil War 1999	Maha Vir Chakra (posthumously)

II. Find the paragraph(s) and sentences in the text that evoke the feelings given below: 1. feeling of wonder, 2. heartening, 3. sense of motivation, 4. pride, 5. visually inspiring, 6. sadness, 7. gratitude, 8. inspiration.

• 1. Feeling of wonder: "The National War Memorial consists of four concentric circles... It also houses bronze and stone murals and graphic panels. Isn't it amazing!"
• 2. Heartening: "It was heartening to know that our government has recognised the sacrifice of brave soldiers."
• 3. Sense of motivation: "It touched my heart and also motivated me... I aspire to be courageous like him when I join the Army!" and "It motivated me to live a life worthy of the sacrifices of our heroes."
• 4. Pride: "It truly is a majestic site that filled me with pride for our nation."
• 5. Visually inspiring: "The overall environment created an emotive experience that was visually inspiring."
• 6. Sadness: "It was sad to think about the massive devastation and loss of life caused by wars."
• 7. Gratitude: "They exchange letters and share their feelings of gratitude for the freedom they enjoy because of the sacrifices made by the bravehearts of the country."
• 8. Inspiration: "I have written a long letter as I could not help sharing this inspiring experience with you."

III. Which is India's highest gallantry award?

Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is India's highest wartime gallantry medal.

IV. How would Ananda feel after reading this letter?

Ananda would feel pleased, deeply moved, proud, and inspired after reading Soumya's letter.

V. Do you think Soumya enjoyed writing this letter? Why or why not?

Yes, Soumya enjoyed writing this letter because she was deeply moved and excited to share her inspiring educational trip to the National War Memorial with her close friend.

Figure 5: Captain Anuj Nayyar, Maha Vir Chakra, and the inspirational soldier quote.

Figure 6: Bronze murals depicting soldiers in action in the Veerta Chakra.

Figure 7: A 15th August 1947 commemorative postage stamp of India.

Let us discuss (Part II - Page 192)

I. Why was Ananda reminded of the poem 'Pushp ki Abhilasha'?

Ananda was reminded of the poem when she saw people offering flowers at the War Memorial in Chandigarh to pay respect to the brave soldiers, matching the poem's theme of a flower wishing to be laid on the path of brave soldiers.

II. How does Soumya's letter help Ananda in pursuing her hobby?

Ananda's hobby is collecting stamps (philately). Soumya's letter contained a beautiful stamp celebrating India's independence on the envelope, which added to Ananda's stamp collection.

III. Ananda is inspired to act after reading the letter from Soumya. What actions does she intend to take up? Fill in the table citing the sentences from the text.

Action Intended	Citing Sentences from Text
1. Visit	"We all wish to visit the National War Memorial, Delhi."
2. Mobile app	"We have found out a mobile app 'National War Memorial and Museum'."
3. Sharing ideas	"Next week, I am going to share this idea with my classmates and my teacher."
4. Creating a collage	"I think it would be great to create a collage capturing the lives and stories of people that can inspire us each day."
5. Joining the army	"I feel motivated and I am seriously thinking of joining the Armed Forces to serve my motherland."
6. Website / Memoir	"his mother Meena Nayyar has written a memoir titled Tiger of Drass... which I shall certainly go through."

Let us think and reflect

I. 1. Read the extract and answer the questions:
"You can see the obelisk surrounded by wreaths that have been placed as a mark of respect. The lighting design is planned in such a way that it transforms the monument's landscape as sunlight changes from dawn to dusk. It truly is a majestic site that filled me with pride for our nation. I was also overwhelmed by the interminable flame as a metaphor for eternal stories of courage and valour."

(i) Complete the analogy: flame: valour :: wreath: respect

(ii) How does the lighting design make the monument visually appealing?
The lighting design is planned so that it transforms the monument's landscape as sunlight changes from dawn to dusk.

(iii) State whether the sentence is a fact or an opinion: "It truly is a majestic site..."
It is an opinion.

(iv) What does the everlasting flame suggest?
It symbolizes the immortality of the spirit of fallen soldiers and serves as a metaphor for eternal stories of courage and valour.

(v) Choose the correct option for the tone of the writer:
Answer: C. admiring

I. 2. Read the extract and answer the questions:
"I was happy to hear that you got an opportunity to visit the National War Memorial. I have heard a lot about it. Some people might see a war memorial as just a monument, statue, an edifice to celebrate a war or victory and commemorate those who sacrificed their lives or got injured in the war. In my view, it is also an expression of deep gratitude for the supreme sacrifice made by our brave soldiers defending the sovereignty and integrity of the country."

(i) Choose a line showing Ananda was aware about the National War Memorial:
"I have heard a lot about it."

(ii) Most likely reason for people to consider a war memorial as a monument:
Because they view it merely as a physical statue or edifice built to celebrate a war or victory and commemorate those killed or injured.

(iii) Fill in the blank:
We conduct special competitions at school to commemorate our Independence day.

(iv) Select a phrase showing Ananda is expressing an opinion:
"In my view..."

(v) Complete the sentence:
Ananda refers to the sacrifice of soldiers as 'supreme' sacrifice because they gave up their lives defending the sovereignty and integrity of the country so that citizens can live in peace.

II. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the significance of the National War Memorial?
It is a tribute to brave Indian soldiers who made the supreme sacrifice post-independence. It represents the nation's gratitude and reminds citizens of the true cost of freedom and security.

2. Lance Naik Albert Ekka is an example of selflessness, determination, and exceptional courage. Elaborate.
During the 1971 war at Gangasagar, despite severe injuries, he charged enemy bunkers, silenced machine guns, and bayoneted enemy soldiers to protect his comrades and ensure success in battle, eventually succumbing to his injuries.

3. Explain how the National War Memorial and Museum app will be helpful in spreading awareness about war heroes.
The app is highly interactive and provides answers to queries in 21 languages, allowing students across India to learn about war heroes, murals, and stories of valour digitally.

4. Why is it our duty to pay homage to our brave soldiers?
Because they sacrifice their personal safety and comfort, and even their lives, to protect our nation's borders and ensure we live freely in peace and security.

5. What is the main idea of this text? How does it justify the title, 'A Homage to our Brave Soldiers'?
The main idea is to honour and express gratitude to the brave soldiers of the Indian Armed Forces. It justifies the title by sharing stories of war heroes, explaining the symbolism of the National War Memorial, and expressing reverence for their supreme sacrifices.

6. Why were the students awestruck and humbled? Explain in your own words.
They were awestruck and humbled when they read the citations of awardees like Lance Naik Albert Ekka, realizing the immense courage and selflessness required to fight for the nation despite grave injuries.

Let us learn (Language & Grammar)

I. Match the prefixes with their meanings and root words to create a new word, then complete the paragraph.

Prefix	Meaning	Root Word	New Word
extra-	outside	ordinary	Extraordinary
de-	remove	activate	Deactivate
mal-	badly, wrongly	functioning	Malfunctioning
anti-	opposed to; against	social	Antisocial
un-	lacking; not	questionable	Unquestionable
ex-	former	service	Ex-service
re-	do again	define	Redefine

Paragraph Completion:
Soldiers undergo (i) extraordinary training to prepare for their challenging duties. They learn to (ii) deactivate explosives and handle (iii) malfunctioning equipment with precision. They stand as a powerful force against (iv) antisocial elements, displaying (v) unquestionable bravery. (vi) Ex-service members often share their experiences to inspire new recruits. Their service can continually (vii) redefine the essence of commitment and sacrifice.

II. Find words associated with 'brave' by filling in the missing vowels.

• C O U R A G E O U S
• V A L I A N T
• V A L O U R
• G A L L A N T
• H E R O I C
• F E A R L E S S
• B O L D
• U N D A U N T E D
• D A R I N G

III. Fill in the blanks with the correct opposite words of 'brave' from the box (cowardly, timid, fear, refusal, afraid).

1. Ajay's cowardly refusal to stand up for his friend was disappointing to everyone.
2. The timid child hid behind his mother, too scared to meet the new teacher.
3. Anjali's fear of heights prevented her from climbing the tall ladder.
4. Sushma felt afraid as she entered the dark, abandoned building alone.

IV. Divide the sentences into two parts (Main Clause and Subordinate Clause).

Sentence	Part 1	Part 2
1	I aspire to be courageous like him	when I join the army!
2	They exchange letters and share their feelings of gratitude for the freedom	they enjoy because of the sacrifices made by the bravehearts of the country.
3	he continued to fight alongside his comrades	Though seriously wounded in this encounter
4	The sacrifices of the soldiers make monuments like the National War Memorial extremely important	so that we should never forget the cost of freedom.

V. Combine the pairs of sentences using suitable subordinating conjunctions (because, unless, when, where, though).

1. Wasi burst into tears when he heard the good news.
2. Though Himani was very nervous, she delivered a great presentation.
3. This is the place where I was born.
4. The students performed very well because they studied diligently.
5. Water the plants unless you want them to die. / Water the plants or they will die unless watered.

VI. Complete the following sentences with suitable main clause or subordinate clause.

1. Farheen was late to work because she missed her morning bus.
2. The dog started barking when a stranger walked past the gate.
3. She completed the marathon although she felt completely exhausted.
4. They saw a beautiful waterfall while they were hiking in the mountains.
5. Abhishek received a promotion after he successfully finished his project.
6. Please submit your work before the deadline approached / approaches.
7. We waited in the car until the rain finally stopped.
8. The children played on the beach as the waves rushed to the shore.

Let us listen

Answer the questions based on the listening transcript in two-three exact words.

1. What type of job does Gunjan think the Armed Forces is?
   Most honourable job
2. What feature of the Armed Forces fills Gunjan with pride?
   Wearing the uniform
3. How does the disciplined life of the Armed Forces impact the body and mind, according to Gunjan?
   Keeps active
4. List any one aspect about a job in the Armed Forces that Gunjan feels helps someone grow.
   New challenges / Everyday adventures
5. State any two things that Gunjan feels life in the Armed Forces teaches.
   Loyalty and duty (or service and honesty)

Let us speak & Let us write

Let us speak: 1 & 2. Identify different professions in the picture and express wishes to pursue them.

Professions shown: Carpenter, Teacher, Cricketer, Pilot, Farmers, Doctor, Artist/Painter, Chef, Classical Dancer.

Sample Response: I dream of working as a pilot because I want to fly aircraft across the sky. This would involve rigorous training in flight schools and dedication to aviation rules.

Let us write: Write a letter to your friend sharing how the Armed Forces contribute during natural calamities, infrastructure development, and welfare initiatives.

Dear Friend,

Hope you are doing well! While we often associate our Armed Forces with wartime defence, they play an equally vital role during peace time. During natural calamities like floods and earthquakes, they execute brave rescue operations, providing shelter and relief to stranded victims. In remote areas, they assist in infrastructure development by constructing crucial roads and bridges. Moreover, they conduct medical camps and establish libraries for public welfare. Their dedication to the country in every situation is truly admirable.

Your friend,
[Your Name]

CBSE Class VII English (Poorvi) Unit 4: Travel and Adventure — Conquering the Summit Questions and Answers

Chapter 12: Conquering the Summit

Figure 1: Various Adventure Sports Activities

Let us do these activities before we read

I. Identify the activities represented by the icons given below. Share your answers with your classmates and the teacher.

The activities represented in the illustration are:

• First icon: Hang gliding
• Second icon: Mountain biking / Cycling
• Third icon: Rock climbing
• Fourth icon: River rafting

II. Work in pairs and discuss the following questions:

1. Why do you think people undertake the activities identified above?
   People undertake these adventure activities for excitement, thrill, pushing their physical and mental limits, and exploring nature.
2. How would they prepare for these activities?
   They prepare through rigorous physical training, learning specialized skills, taking safety instructions, using appropriate gear and safety equipment, and practicing under expert supervision.
3. Which one of them do you find the most exciting? Why?
   (Answers may vary) I find rock climbing the most exciting because it challenges both mental focus and physical endurance to scale vertical heights.

Figure 2: Qualities of a Mountaineer Word Web

III. Work in pairs to complete the word web given below. Share the answers with the teacher.

Qualities of a mountaineer:

• Determination
• Physical endurance
• Mental fortitude
• Courage
• Discipline
• Resilience

Figure 3: Arunima Sinha at the Summit of Mount Everest holding the Indian Flag

Figure 4: The Seven Summits Conquered by Arunima Sinha

Figure 5: Cover of 'Born Again on the Mountain' by Arunima Sinha

Let us discuss

I. Read the statements given below and explain each statement in your words.

1. Arunima Sinha is considered a beacon of hope and resilience.
   This means that Arunima serves as an inspirational guide to others because she overcame a tragic accident, adapted to a prosthetic leg, and conquered great difficulties through strength of mind.
2. Arunima decided to climb Mount Everest despite losing her leg.
   Even after her leg was amputated following a harrowing train accident, she displayed an extraordinary will to live and set a goal to climb the highest mountain in the world.
3. Bachendri Pal's guidance was crucial in Arunima's journey to the summit of Mount Everest.
   Bachendri Pal, the first Indian woman to climb Everest, instilled deep confidence in Arunima and encouraged her by stating that she had already conquered the Everest within herself.
4. Arunima's achievements go beyond just physical endurance.
   Her feat was not merely a test of physical strength, but also required incredible mental fortitude, willpower, positivity, and determination.
5. Arunima's autobiography inspires readers around the world.
   Her book, Born Again on the Mountain, shares her remarkable story of triumph over adversity, teaching readers never to give up on their goals.

Let us think and reflect

I. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.

Bachendri Pal instilled confidence in Arunima and said, "My child, you decided to climb Mount Everest in these situations with a prosthetic leg—you have conquered the Everest within you; the world will realise it later." On 21 May 2013, after 52 exhausting days, Arunima Sinha reached the summit of Mount Everest. Standing at the top of the world, she felt a surge of emotions—pride, relief, and an overwhelming sense of achievement.

1. Complete the sentence with a suitable reason:
   Bachendri Pal said that Arunima had conquered the Everest within her because she had shown immense courage and determination to decide to climb Mount Everest with a prosthetic leg after such a tragic accident.
2. How might Arunima have felt after what Bachendri Pal told her?
   Arunima would have felt deeply inspired, confident, validated, and motivated to achieve her dream.
3. Choose a phrase from the extract which shows that reaching the summit of Mount Everest was tiring.
   "after 52 exhausting days"
4. Select the correct option to complete the sentence:
   After her success when Arunima felt 'an overwhelming sense of achievement', she would have most likely said, "(iv) I finally realised my dream".

II. Answer the following questions.

1. What did Arunima do in order to fulfill her ambition of conquering Mount Everest?
   She completed a basic mountaineering course at the Nehru Institute of Mountaineering in Uttarkashi, underwent eighteen months of rigorous training, and sought guidance from Bachendri Pal.
2. Arunima is a beacon of hope and resilience. Support this statement with evidence from the text.
   After losing her leg in a train accident, she refused to lose hope. Instead, she fitted a prosthetic leg, completed intense training, became the first female amputee to conquer Mount Everest, and successfully scaled the Seven Summits across seven continents.
3. Arunima's autobiography is titled Born Again on the Mountain: A Story of Losing Everything and Finding It Back. Why do you think this title is appropriate?
   The title is appropriate because losing her leg in an accident felt like losing everything, but by climbing mountains, she rediscovered her strength, purpose, identity, and global recognition.
4. Arunima says, "Failure is when we don't have goals worthy enough." What would be the most likely impact of this statement on readers?
   It inspires readers to dream big, set meaningful and challenging goals, work hard, and overcome obstacles without fearing failure.

Let us learn

I. Read the underlined phrases in sentences (i)-(v) and match them with their appropriate meanings given in the box below.

1. Nisha was relieved when the final match was over after several exhausting days of practice. → 3. periods of time filled with tiring and demanding activities
2. Despite several failures, her heartfelt attempts to learn the guitar showed her determination and passion for music. → 1. genuine, sincere efforts
3. Moving to a new city was a life-altering event for Jagan, as it gave him the chance to make new friends and try different activities. → 4. an incident or experience that significantly changes a person's life
4. Competing in the marathon requires not just physical strength but also mental fortitude to stay focused and finish the race. → 2. strength of mind
5. The lighthouse served as a beacon of hope for the sailors lost at sea. → 5. a source of inspiration or encouragement

II. Complete the following table by filling in the gaps with correct parts of speech mentioned.

Nouns	Adjectives	Verbs (present)	Adverbs
determination	determined	determine	determinedly
relief	relieved	relieve	relievedly
inspiration	inspiring / inspired	inspire	inspiringly
resistance	resistant	resist	resistantly
success	successful	succeed	successfully

III. 1. Fill in the blanks with 'a', 'an', 'the'. Put an 'x' where no article is required.

We planned (i) ___ adventurous trip to (ii) ___ remote island. (iii) ___ island was known for its beautiful landscapes and (iv) ___ diverse wildlife. On (v) ___ first day, we set out to explore (vi) ___ island's dense jungle. (vii) ___ guide led us through (viii) ___ thick foliage and showed us (ix) ___ hidden waterfall. In (x) ___ evening, we gathered around (xi) ___ campfire to share stories and enjoy (xii) ___ meal we cooked. (xiii) ___ experience was truly unforgettable, and we felt (xiv) ___ connection with (xv) ___ nature.

Answers:

(i) an | (ii) a | (iii) The | (iv) x | (v) the | (vi) the | (vii) A / The | (viii) the | (ix) a | (x) the | (xi) a | (xii) the | (xiii) The | (xiv) a | (xv) x

III. 2. There is an error in each sentence that has been underlined. Correct the error in the following sentences.

1. We waited for a hour before the bus finally arrived. → an
2. The guide insisted on an uniform jacket for the group's safety during the trek. → a
3. Mount K2 is a second highest peak in the world. → the
4. A Ganga is a sacred river in India, known for its cultural importance. → The
5. Challenges are faced with courage and determination by a brave. → the
6. A North Star has guided travellers for centuries. → The

Let us listen

Match the statements 1-8 with the speakers (i)-(v). (Based on transcripts on page 177-178)

Speaker No.	Statement Matched
Speaker (i)	4. Expresses concern about the risks in adventure sports
Speaker (ii)	2. Finds adventure sports thrilling and exciting
Speaker (iii)	7. Focuses on the availability of training and supervision
Speaker (iv)	1. Talks about having basic activities in adventure sports
Speaker (v)	8. Finds exposure to risks unnecessary

Unused statements: 3, 5, 6

Let us speak

In groups of four, select a role from 1-4 given below and speak about the views allotted to each. Use the prompts and vocabulary given. Take turns to express your opinions, agreement, and disagreement.

• Role 1 (School Student): "In my opinion, Physical Education should be included in school activities because it is fun, enjoyable, and helps us build confidence while exploring new sports."
• Role 2 (Parent): "From my point of view, while physical activities build fitness, my main concern is safety. I support this perspective because proper precautions must be taken to prevent injuries."
• Role 3 (Physical Education Teacher): "I believe that physical activities are highly valuable. One reason for this is that they help students overcome fear, develop teamwork, and gain unique experiences."
• Role 4 (Sports Camp Organiser): "I agree with the idea that sports are beneficial. We ensure safety by regularly inspecting gear so participants can enjoy thrilling activities in a safe environment."

Let us write

1. Read the letter given below and write the matching components from the provided box.

• [Address section top left]: Sender's Address
• [Date section]: Date
• [Target address section]: Receiver's Address
• Subject line: Subject
• Madam/Sir,: Salutation
• I am Sreelakshmi...: Introduction
• I would love to be...: Expression of interest
• I request you to grant...: Statement of request
• Yours sincerely,: Complimentary close
• Sreelakshmi: Signature line

2. Write a letter to the Principal of your school requesting her to organise an excursion to a nearby hill station for Grade 7 students of your school.

ABC School,
New Delhi

10 October 2026

The Principal,
ABC School,
New Delhi

Subject: Request to organize an excursion to a hill station for Grade 7

Respected Madam,

I am writing on behalf of the students of Grade 7. We would like to request you to kindly organize a short excursion to a nearby hill station, such as Shimla or Mussoorie, for our class.

An excursion will provide us with a wonderful opportunity to learn about nature, experience outdoor learning, and bond with our classmates. It will be both educational and refreshing.

We request you to grant us permission and make the necessary arrangements.

Yours sincerely,
Students of Grade 7

Figure 6: Scuba Diving Activity

Let us explore

I. Find out more information about the following adventure sports in our country and complete the table given below.

Name	Area	Preferred Time of the Year	Equipment Required
snow skiing	snow-covered hills (e.g., Gulmarg, Auli)	Winter	skis, ski suit, pole, goggles, helmet
trekking	mountain trails, hills	Spring, Autumn, Winter	trekking boots, backpack, stick
camping	grassy areas, riverside sites	Spring, Autumn	tent, torch, sleeping bag
river rafting	fast-flowing rivers (e.g., Rishikesh)	All year round (except monsoon)	inflatable raft, life jacket, helmet, paddles
scuba diving	coastal areas (e.g., Andaman Islands)	Winter and Spring	scuba suit, mask, fins, oxygen tank

II. Prepare an information booklet with fact sheets of five Indian mountaineers. Include required details (Name, place of birth, profession, training received, sport known for, accomplishments/awards).

1. Arunima Sinha

• Place of Birth: Ambedkar Nagar, Uttar Pradesh
• Profession: Mountaineer, former Volleyball player
• Training Received: Nehru Institute of Mountaineering, Uttarkashi
• Sport: Mountaineering / Volleyball
• Accomplishments: Padma Shri, Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award, first female amputee to climb Mount Everest and the Seven Summits.

2. Bachendri Pal

• Place of Birth: Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand
• Profession: Mountaineer, Instructor
• Training Received: Nehru Institute of Mountaineering
• Sport: Mountaineering
• Accomplishments: First Indian woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest (1984), Padma Bhushan.

3. Tenzing Norgay

• Place of Birth: Tengboche, Nepal (later Indian citizen)
• Profession: Mountaineer, Guide
• Training Received: Practical high-altitude expedition experience
• Sport: Mountaineering
• Accomplishments: First person (along with Edmund Hillary) to summit Mount Everest in 1953, Padma Bhushan.

4. Santosh Yadav

• Place of Birth: Rewari, Haryana
• Profession: Mountaineer, Officer
• Training Received: Uttarkashi Mountaineering Institute
• Sport: Mountaineering
• Accomplishments: First woman in the world to scale Mount Everest twice, Padma Shri.

5. Malavath Purna

• Place of Birth: Nizamabad, Telangana
• Profession: Mountaineer
• Training Received: Telangana Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society
• Sport: Mountaineering
• Accomplishments: Youngest female to climb Mount Everest (at age 13).

CBSE Class VII English (Poorvi) Unit 4: Travel and Adventure — Travel Questions and Answers

Unit 4: Travel and Adventure - Travel

Figure 1: Travel Word Web showing modes of transport, reasons, feelings, activities, destinations, and challenges.

Let us do these activities before we read

I. Complete the following word web on travel.

• Modes of Transport: bus, train, aeroplane, ship, bicycle
• Reasons for Travel: work, vacation, education, visiting relatives
• Feelings: joy, excitement, thrill, relaxation
• Adventure Activities: exploring, trekking, camping, rafting
• Destinations: riverside, mountains, historical monuments, beaches
• Challenges: bad weather, traffic jams, lost luggage, illness

II. You are going on a trip to an adventure camp with your classmates and teacher. Answer the following questions:

1. How will you travel to the adventure camp?
We will travel to the adventure camp by school bus.

2. What things will you take along?
We will take water bottles, packed food, comfortable clothes, sturdy shoes, a flashlight, a first-aid kit, and a diary.

3. Why would you like to go there?
We would like to go there to experience nature, learn new skills, and enjoy adventure activities with our friends.

4. What are the activities you would like to do with your friends?
We would like to do trekking, rock climbing, zip-lining, pitch tents, and sit around a campfire.

5. How much time will it take to complete your adventure trip?
It will take two days and one night to complete our adventure trip.

III. Discuss in pairs. What might be the reasons that people enjoy train journeys?

People enjoy train journeys because they offer scenic views of the countryside, comfortable seating to relax or sleep, opportunities to chat and make friends with fellow travelers, and a unique rhythm and atmosphere that makes traveling memorable.

Let us discuss

I. The main ideas of each stanza of the poem are given below. Write the number of the stanza against the matching main idea.

• At night, the speaker imagines the train and hears its engine in the quiet. — Stanza 2
• The speaker feels a strong desire to take any train, no matter where it goes. — Stanza 3
• The speaker hears the train whistle during the day, even though the train is far away. — Stanza 1

II. Read the poem and underline the rhyming words in each stanza. Write the rhyming words from each stanza.

• Stanza (i): away–day; speaking–shrieking
• Stanza (ii): by–sky; dreaming–steaming
• Stanza (iii): make–take; knowing–going

III. Identify the rhyme scheme of the poem from the options given below.

Correct Option: 3. ABAB

IV. Identify the word in the poem that personifies the whistle of the train.

The word that personifies the whistle of the train is "shrieking".

V. Tone refers to the attitude the poet has about the poem. Which of these words can be used to describe the poet's tone in this poem?

The words that describe the poet's tone are: excited, curious, enthusiastic, and thoughtful.

VI. Select the words that tell us what the train symbolises for the poet.

The train symbolises 2. adventure and 4. opportunities.

VII. Complete the following by choosing the correct option from those given in brackets: The poet repeats the line, '...there isn't a train goes by,' in all three stanzas to _______________

highlight the speaker's fascination with the train.

Figure 2: Four young friends interacting and sharing ideas.

VIII. The poem contrasts the busy day with the stillness of the night. What is the common factor in these?

The common factor in both day and night is the speaker's constant awareness of and longing for the passing train.

IX. Imagery is a literary device that uses descriptive language to create mental pictures. Select the phrases from the poem that are examples of imagery.

• day is loud
• whistle shrieking
• night is still
• cinders red on the sky
• engine steaming

Let us think and reflect

I. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:

"My heart is warm with the friends I make,
And better friends I'll not be knowing..."

(i) Choose the suitable option to complete the following: The line 'My heart is warm' refers to a heart that is _______________
Answer: B. full of love

(ii) What does the speaker say about her current friends?
Answer: The speaker says her heart feels warm with the friends she has made and that she will not know better friends than them.

(iii) What does the line 'better friends I'll not be knowing' suggest about the speaker's feelings toward their current friends?
Answer: It suggests that she holds her current friends in the highest regard, values them deeply, and feels completely content with their friendship.

(iv) Complete the following suitably: The tone of the speaker in these lines is _______________
Answer: grateful / content

II. Answer the following questions.

1. What does the phrase 'cinders red on the sky' tell us about the train at night?
It creates a vivid visual image of burning sparks and glowing red embers shooting out from the steam engine's chimney into the dark night sky.

2. What is the significance of the repeated references to the train's whistle?
The repeated references emphasize the persistent call of travel and adventure in the speaker's mind, showing that no matter what time or setting, her thoughts are drawn to the train.

3. What does the line 'no matter where it's going' reveal about the speaker's attitude towards travel?
It reveals her unconditioned wanderlust and passion for travel itself; the journey and adventure matter far more to her than the specific destination.

4. Do you think the poet actually sees and hears the train? Why or why not?
No, the speaker does not necessarily see or hear a real train every time. The poem notes the railroad track is "miles away" and "there isn't a train goes by all day," implying these sights and sounds are vivid imaginations driven by her deep desire to travel.

Let us learn

I. Read the expressions from the poem given in Column 1 and match them with what they indicate in Column 2. Then fill in the blanks.

Column 1	Column 2
1. miles away	(v) The distance of the train from the speaker
2. cinders red	(iv) The glow of the train's sparks lighting up the night sky
3. heart is warm	(i) The speaker's affection for their friends
4. day is loud	(iii) The busy and noisy atmosphere during the day
5. engine steaming	(ii) The fast and powerful movement of the train

Filled Blanks:

1. After meeting her old friend, her heart is warm with the joy of rekindled memories.
2. As I arrived at the railway station I could hear the engine steaming.
3. The marketplace is bustling, and the day is loud with the chatter of shoppers and vendors.
4. The bonfire glowed brightly, throwing cinders red into the dark night sky.
5. The sound of a train could still be heard miles away as the evening grew quiet.

II. Match the sound meanings in Column 1 with words in Column 2, and complete the paragraph.

Column 1	Column 2
1. shouting loudly, often in anger or excitement	(iv) yelling
2. crying out in fear or excitement	(vii) screaming
3. crying loudly with grief or sorrow	(i) wailing
4. making a high-pitched, piercing sound	(iii) screeching
5. calling out loudly, often in a casual or informal way	(ii) hollering
6. crying softly in a low, broken voice	(v) whimpering
7. crying loudly and uncontrollably	(vi) bawling

Completed Paragraph:
The street was filled with a variety of sounds. A shopkeeper was 1. hollering to attract customers, while a child nearby was 2. yelling at his friend to wait for him. From the other side of the road, a toddler was 3. bawling uncontrollably after dropping his ice cream, and his mother tried to calm him as he began 4. whimpering softly. In the background, someone's loud 5. screeching voice added to the bustling noise of the busy evening.

Let us listen

I. Listen to this announcement made in the morning assembly about a school trip to the National Science Centre. As you listen, circle the information that is not correct.

Incorrect statements based on the audio script:

• 1. The trip to the National Science Centre is organised on 15 September. (Incorrect date)
• 2. Students will start from school at 8.00 in the morning and return by 5.00 in the evening. (Incorrect return time)
• 3. Refreshment will not be provided during the trip. (Incorrect detail)
• 4. Students are permitted to carry a phone, a notebook, and a pen. (Incorrect regarding phone)
• 5. The permission slip is to be signed by the class teacher. (Incorrect signatory)
• 7. Mr. Mukherjee is the Adventure Club in-charge. (Incorrect title)

II. Rectify the incorrect sentences based on the listening transcript.

1. The trip to the National Science Centre is organised on 16 September.
2. Students will start from school at 8.00 in the morning and return by 5.30 in the evening.
3. Light refreshments will be provided at the museum.
4. Students are not permitted to carry mobile phones; they may carry a notebook and a pen.
5. The permission slip is to be signed by your parent.
6. Mr. Mukherjee is the excursion in-charge.

Let us speak

Pronunciation Rules for Soft 'c' (/s/) and Hard 'c' (/k/): Classify and pronounce the given words.

Rules: 'c' makes a soft /s/ sound when followed by 'e', 'i', or 'y'. 'c' makes a hard /k/ sound when followed by 'a', 'o', 'u', or a consonant.

Soft 'c' (/s/ sound)	Hard 'c' (/k/ sound)
cell	cable
circle	concert (first 'c')
race	cake
bicycle (second 'c')
decide	uncle
receive	echo

Let us write

I. Write a diamante poem that connects 'reading' and 'adventure'.

Reading
Quiet, peaceful
Imagining, learning, dreaming
Pages, words, maps, journeys
Exploring, discovering, daring
Bold, exciting
Adventure

II. Describe an interesting character you met while travelling.

During my last summer vacation train journey to Shimla, I met an elderly gentleman named Uncle Sharma. He was tall, had silver hair, and wore a bright yellow jacket with round spectacles. He was a retired nature photographer who traveled across India. He was an extremely cheerful, kind, and talkative person. During our journey, he showed us beautiful wildlife photographs on his camera and shared stories about animal behavior. My favorite moment was when he pointed out a rare bird outside the train window and exclaimed, "Every journey holds a new secret if you just keep your eyes open!"

Let us explore

Key exploratory points about railways in India and around the world:

• Mountain Railways of India: Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, including the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, Nilgiri Mountain Railway, and Kalka-Shimla Railway. The Matheran Hill Railway and Kangra Valley Railway are on the tentative UNESCO list.
• Vande Bharat Express: India's first indigenous semi-high-speed train launched under 'Make in India' on 15 February 2019 on the New Delhi–Varanasi route, running at 160 km/h.
• Underwater Rail Tunnels: Famous global examples include the Thames Tunnel (London), Seikan Tunnel (Japan), and Channel Tunnel (UK/France). India's first underwater metro started in Kolkata in March 2024 under the Hooghly River.