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Thursday, September 18, 2025

LARAVEL Interview Questions and Answers


ЁЯМ▒ Basic Laravel Interview Questions & Answers

1. What is Laravel? Why do we use it?

Answer:
Laravel is a PHP framework based on MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture. It provides elegant syntax, built-in features like routing, authentication, ORM, and caching that help developers build web applications faster and with less effort.


2. What are the main features of Laravel?

Answer:

  • Eloquent ORM (database handling)

  • Blade template engine

  • Artisan CLI

  • Routing system

  • Middleware

  • Authentication and Authorization

  • Migrations and Seeders

  • Task scheduling & Queues

  • RESTful API support

  • Built-in Security (CSRF, XSS protection, encryption)


3. What is MVC architecture in Laravel?

Answer:

  • Model → Handles data and database logic.

  • View → Displays data (UI).

  • Controller → Handles user requests, processes data via Model, and returns responses via View.
    Laravel follows MVC to separate concerns and keep code organized.


4. What is Artisan in Laravel?

Answer:
Artisan is Laravel’s command-line tool. It helps automate repetitive tasks like creating controllers, models, migrations, seeding, clearing cache, etc.
Example:

php artisan make:controller UserController
php artisan migrate

5. What are Service Providers in Laravel?

Answer:
Service providers are the central place of Laravel application bootstrapping. They register services, bindings, and event listeners. For example, AppServiceProvider, AuthServiceProvider.


6. What is Middleware in Laravel?

Answer:
Middleware is a filter for HTTP requests.

  • Example: auth middleware checks if a user is logged in before accessing certain routes.

  • We can also create custom middleware for logging, role-checking, etc.


7. Explain the difference between GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE in Laravel routes.

Answer:

  • GET → Retrieve data (e.g., view a page).

  • POST → Submit new data (e.g., create user).

  • PUT → Update existing data (e.g., update profile).

  • DELETE → Delete existing data (e.g., delete record).

Example:

Route::get('/users', 'UserController@index');
Route::post('/users', 'UserController@store');
Route::put('/users/{id}', 'UserController@update');
Route::delete('/users/{id}', 'UserController@destroy');

8. What is the difference between Session and Cache?

Answer:

  • Session → Stores user-related temporary data (e.g., login info, shopping cart).

  • Cache → Stores frequently accessed data to improve performance (e.g., query results, API responses).


9. How does Laravel handle security?

Answer:

  • CSRF Protection → Prevents cross-site request forgery using _token.

  • XSS Protection → Escapes output in Blade {{ $data }}.

  • SQL Injection Protection → Eloquent & Query Builder use prepared statements.

  • Password Hashingbcrypt and argon2.


10. How do you install Laravel?

Answer:

  1. Install Composer.

  2. Run command:

composer create-project laravel/laravel myApp

or

laravel new myApp

Great ЁЯЪА Let’s continue with the Intermediate Level Laravel Interview Questions & Answers (11–20).


⚡ Intermediate Laravel Interview Questions & Answers

11. What is Eloquent ORM?

Answer:
Eloquent is Laravel’s built-in ORM (Object-Relational Mapper). It allows interaction with the database using models instead of raw SQL queries.
Example:

$users = User::all();   // Select * from users
$user = User::find(1);  // Select * from users where id = 1

12. What are the differences between hasOne, hasMany, belongsTo, and belongsToMany relationships?

Answer:

  • hasOne → One-to-One relationship. (User → Profile)

  • hasMany → One-to-Many relationship. (User → Posts)

  • belongsTo → Inverse of hasOne/hasMany. (Post → User)

  • belongsToMany → Many-to-Many relationship. (User ↔ Roles)

Example:

// User hasOne Profile
public function profile() { return $this->hasOne(Profile::class); }

// User hasMany Posts
public function posts() { return $this->hasMany(Post::class); }

// Post belongsTo User
public function user() { return $this->belongsTo(User::class); }

// User belongsToMany Roles
public function roles() { return $this->belongsToMany(Role::class); }

13. What are Migrations in Laravel? Why do we use them?

Answer:
Migrations are version control for databases. They allow us to create, update, and share database structures with code instead of manual SQL.
Example:

php artisan make:migration create_users_table
php artisan migrate

14. What is the difference between Query Builder and Eloquent?

Answer:

  • Query Builder → Works with raw SQL queries, lightweight, faster for complex queries.

  • Eloquent → Object-oriented, works with models, easier to use but slightly slower.

Example:

// Query Builder
$users = DB::table('users')->where('status', 1)->get();

// Eloquent
$users = User::where('status', 1)->get();

15. How do you implement validation in Laravel?

Answer:
Using validate() in controllers or FormRequest.
Example:

$request->validate([
    'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
    'email' => 'required|email|unique:users',
    'password' => 'required|min:6'
]);

16. What are Laravel Facades?

Answer:
Facades provide a static interface to classes inside the service container.
Example:

Cache::put('key', 'value', 600);  // Instead of dependency injection

Common facades: DB, Cache, Auth, Route, Storage.


17. What are Accessors and Mutators in Eloquent?

Answer:

  • Accessor → Format attribute when retrieving.

  • Mutator → Modify attribute before saving.

Example:

// Accessor
public function getNameAttribute($value) {
    return ucfirst($value);
}

// Mutator
public function setPasswordAttribute($value) {
    $this->attributes['password'] = bcrypt($value);
}

18. What is the difference between Guard and Provider in Laravel Authentication?

Answer:

  • Guard → Defines how users are authenticated (session, token, API).

  • Provider → Defines how users are retrieved from the database.

Example: In config/auth.php:

'guards' => [
    'web' => ['driver' => 'session', 'provider' => 'users'],
    'api' => ['driver' => 'token', 'provider' => 'users'],
],
'providers' => [
    'users' => ['driver' => 'eloquent', 'model' => App\Models\User::class],
]

19. What are Laravel Queues and why do we use them?

Answer:
Queues allow us to run long tasks (emails, notifications, reports) in the background instead of blocking the request.
Example:

dispatch(new SendEmailJob($user));

Queue workers:

php artisan queue:work

20. What is Dependency Injection in Laravel?

Answer:
Dependency Injection (DI) is a design pattern where Laravel automatically provides class dependencies instead of manually creating them.

Example:

class UserController extends Controller {
    public function __construct(UserRepository $userRepo) {
        $this->userRepo = $userRepo; // Automatically injected
    }
}

Perfect ЁЯСН Now let’s move on to the Advanced Level Laravel Interview Questions & Answers (21–30).


ЁЯЪА Advanced Laravel Interview Questions & Answers

21. What is the Repository Pattern in Laravel?

Answer:
Repository Pattern is used to abstract the data layer. Instead of directly using Eloquent in controllers, we use repositories to separate database logic from business logic.

  • Advantage → Cleaner code, easy to switch database/storage.

Example:

interface UserRepository {
    public function getAll();
}

class EloquentUserRepository implements UserRepository {
    public function getAll() {
        return User::all();
    }
}

22. How do you handle events and listeners in Laravel?

Answer:
Events allow you to subscribe and listen for actions in your application.
Example:

php artisan make:event OrderPlaced
php artisan make:listener SendOrderEmail --event=OrderPlaced
  • EventOrderPlaced fires when an order is created.

  • ListenerSendOrderEmail sends an email after the event.


23. What are Laravel Jobs and Workers?

Answer:

  • Job → Represents a unit of work (e.g., sending email, generating report).

  • Worker → A background process that executes queued jobs.

Example:

php artisan make:job SendEmailJob
dispatch(new SendEmailJob($user));
php artisan queue:work

24. How does Laravel handle caching? Name different cache drivers.

Answer:
Laravel provides unified API for caching.
Supported drivers:

  • file

  • database

  • redis

  • memcached

  • array

Example:

Cache::put('key', 'value', 600);
$value = Cache::get('key');

25. What is the difference between Laravel Passport and Laravel Sanctum?

Answer:

  • Passport → Full OAuth2 authentication system. Best for large apps, multiple clients, third-party integrations.

  • Sanctum → Lightweight API authentication using tokens/cookies. Best for single-page apps (SPA) or simple APIs.


26. How do you implement API rate limiting in Laravel?

Answer:
Use throttle middleware.
Example in routes/api.php:

Route::middleware('throttle:60,1')->get('/user', function () {
    return auth()->user();
});

This means: max 60 requests per minute per user/IP.


27. What are Laravel Policies and Gates?

Answer:

  • Gates → Closures that determine if a user is authorized to perform an action.

  • Policies → Classes that organize authorization logic around models.

Example (Gate):

Gate::define('update-post', function ($user, $post) {
    return $user->id === $post->user_id;
});

Example (Policy):

php artisan make:policy PostPolicy

28. How do you use Laravel Observers?

Answer:
Observers allow you to listen to model events (creating, updating, deleting).
Example:

php artisan make:observer UserObserver --model=User

In UserObserver.php:

public function created(User $user) {
    Log::info('New user created: ' . $user->email);
}

Register in AppServiceProvider:

User::observe(UserObserver::class);

29. What is the difference between composer dump-autoload and php artisan optimize?

Answer:

  • composer dump-autoload → Rebuilds class map for autoloading (loads new classes).

  • php artisan optimize → (In older versions) optimized config, routes, and class loading.
    ЁЯСЙ In Laravel 8+, optimize command is removed because auto-optimization happens automatically.


30. How do you manage multiple database connections in Laravel?

Answer:
Define multiple connections in config/database.php:

'mysql' => [
    'driver' => 'mysql',
    'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
    'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'db1'),
],
'mysql2' => [
    'driver' => 'mysql',
    'host' => env('DB_HOST2', '127.0.0.1'),
    'database' => env('DB_DATABASE2', 'db2'),
],

Use connection:

$users = DB::connection('mysql2')->table('users')->get();

Perfect ЁЯСН Let’s finish strong with the Expert / Practical Laravel Interview Questions & Answers (31–40).


ЁЯФе Expert / Practical Laravel Interview Questions & Answers

31. How do you implement a composite key in Laravel models?

Answer:
Laravel doesn’t support composite primary keys directly.
Options:

  1. Use raw queries or Query Builder.

  2. Override getKeyName() and primary key handling.

  3. Use a community package like laravel-composite-key.

Example (manual approach):

protected $primaryKey = ['order_id', 'product_id'];
public $incrementing = false;

But usually we handle it via unique index in migrations instead of composite primary key.


32. How do you optimize Laravel application performance?

Answer:

  • Use config, route, and view caching:

    php artisan config:cache
    php artisan route:cache
    php artisan view:cache
    
  • Use queues for heavy tasks.

  • Optimize database queries (avoid N+1).

  • Use Eager Loading in Eloquent.

  • Use Redis/Memcached for caching & sessions.

  • Use Octane (Swoole/RoadRunner) for faster execution.

  • Optimize assets with Laravel Mix/Vite.


33. Explain Laravel’s Service Container.

Answer:
The Service Container is a dependency injection container. It manages class dependencies and automatically injects them when needed.

Example:

app()->bind('PaymentGateway', function () {
    return new StripePaymentGateway();
});

Now, whenever you type-hint PaymentGateway, Laravel injects StripePaymentGateway.


34. How do you schedule tasks in Laravel?

Answer:
Laravel uses the schedule() method in App\Console\Kernel.php.

Example:

protected function schedule(Schedule $schedule)
{
    $schedule->command('emails:send')->dailyAt('9:00');
}

Then set CRON job:

* * * * * php /path-to-your-project/artisan schedule:run >> /dev/null 2>&1

35. What is the difference between load(), with(), and lazyload() in Eloquent?

Answer:

  • with() → Eager loads relationship at query time.

  • load() → Eager loads relationship after query execution.

  • lazyload() → Loads relationship only when accessed.

Example:

$users = User::with('posts')->get();   // with()
$user = User::find(1);
$user->load('posts');                  // load()
$user->posts;                          // lazy load

36. How do you debug queries in Laravel?

Answer:

  • Enable query logging:

DB::enableQueryLog();
$users = DB::table('users')->get();
dd(DB::getQueryLog());
  • Use toSql():

$query = User::where('status', 1);
dd($query->toSql());
  • Use Laravel Telescope or Debugbar package.


37. How do you prevent N+1 query problems in Laravel?

Answer:
Use Eager Loading.
Bad (N+1 problem):

$users = User::all();
foreach ($users as $user) {
    echo $user->posts->count();
}

Good (with eager loading):

$users = User::with('posts')->get();

38. How do you use Laravel’s Broadcasting system?

Answer:
Broadcasting allows sending real-time events to clients (like WebSockets).

Steps:

  1. Configure driver in .envBROADCAST_DRIVER=pusher (or redis).

  2. Create event:

    php artisan make:event OrderShipped
    
  3. Implement ShouldBroadcast:

    class OrderShipped implements ShouldBroadcast {
        public $order;
        public function __construct(Order $order) { $this->order = $order; }
        public function broadcastOn() { return ['orders']; }
    }
    
  4. Listen from frontend using Laravel Echo.


39. How do you secure an API built in Laravel?

Answer:

  • Use Laravel Sanctum/Passport for authentication.

  • Add rate limiting with throttle middleware.

  • Use CSRF protection (if session-based).

  • Validate inputs using Form Requests.

  • Use HTTPS (SSL).

  • Hide sensitive keys in .env.

  • Return consistent JSON responses with proper status codes.


40. How would you scale a Laravel application for millions of users?

Answer:

  • Use Load Balancers (Nginx/HAProxy).

  • Horizontal scaling: multiple servers running Laravel.

  • Use Redis/Memcached for caching & queues.

  • Optimize DB (indexes, read/write splitting, replication).

  • Use CDN for static assets.

  • Use Laravel Horizon to manage queues.

  • Use Octane for performance.

  • Containerize app with Docker/Kubernetes.







Wednesday, September 17, 2025

SEBA| HSLC| CLASS 10| SOCIAL SCIENCE| SOLVED PAPER - 2019| ASSAM BOARD

 

SEBA| HSLC| CLASS 10| SOCIAL SCIENCE| SOLVED PAPER - 2019| ASSAM BOARD

2019

SOCIAL SCIENCE

Full Marks: 90

Pass Marks: 27

Time: 3 hours

Candidates shall note that each question will be multilingual, viz., in English / Assamese / Bengali / Bodo / Hindi medium, for their ready reference. In case of any discrepancy or confusion in the respective medium / version, the English version will be considered as the authentic version.

The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions.

 

SECTION-A

1. (a) The British Prime Minister who announced the Communal Award in 1932 was—            1

рззрзпрзйрзи ржЪржиржд рж╕াржо্ржк্рж░ржжাржп়িржХ ржмাржЯোрз▒াрз░া ржШােрж╖ржгা ржХрз░া ржмৃржЯিржЫ ржк্рж░ржзাржиржоржи্ржд্рж░ীржЬржи ржЖржЫিрж▓—

рззрзпрзйрзи рж╕ржиে рж╕াржо্ржк্рж░ржжাржп়িржХ ржмাржЯোржп়াрж░া ржШােрж╖ржгা ржХрж░া ржм্рж░িржЯিрж╢ ржк্рж░ржзাржиржоржи্ржд্рж░ী ржЫিрж▓েржи—

1932 рдоाрдпрдеाрдЗрдЖрд╡ рд╣ाрд░िрдпाрд░ि рд░ाрдирдиाрдп рдлोрд╕ाрд╡рдиाрдп рдм्рд░िрдЯिрд╕ рдЧाрд╣ाрдЗ рдорди्рдд्рд░िрдпाрдоोрдирд╕рди्—

1932 рдоें рд╕ांрдк्рд░рджाрдпिрдХ рдмँрдЯрд╡ाрд░े рдХी рдШोрд╖рдгा рдХрд░рдиे рд╡ाрд▓े рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рдк्рд░рдзाрдирдоंрдд्рд░ी рдеे

(i) Clement Attlee / рдХ्рд▓िрдоेрди्рдЯ рдПрдЯрд▓ि

(ii) Winston Churchill / рдЙрдЗрдирд╖्рдЯрди рд╕ाрд░्рд╕िрд▓ / рд╡िंрд╕्рдЯрди рдЪрд░्рдЪिрд▓

(iii) Ramsay MacDonald / рд░ाрдорд╕े рдоेрдХрдбрдиाрд▓्рдб / рд░ाрдорд╕े рдоैрдХ्рдбोрдиाрд▓्рдб

(iv) Theresa May / рдеेрд░ेрд╕ा рдоेрдЗ / рдеेрд░ेрд╕ा рдоे

(b) In which of the following years, the British stopped slavery in Assam?        1

рждрж▓рз░ ржХোржиржЯো ржЪржиржд ржмৃржЯিржЫрж╕ржХрж▓ে ржЕрж╕ржоржд ржжাрж╕ ржк্рж░ржеা ржмিрж▓ুржк্рждি ржШржЯাржЗржЫিрж▓?

ржиীржЪেрж░ ржХোржи рж╕ржиে ржм্рж░িржЯিрж╢рж░া ржЕрж╕ржоে ржжাрж╕ ржк্рж░ржеাрж░ ржмিрж▓ুржк্рждি ржШржЯিржп়েржЫিрж▓াে?

рдЧाрд╣ाрдпрдиि рдмрдмे рдоाрдпрдеाрдЗрдЖрд╡ рдм्рд░िрдЯिрд╕рдлोрд░ा рдЖрд╕ाрдоाрд╡ рдмाрди्рджा рдЦाрди्рдеिрдЦौ рдлोрдЬोрдмрджोंрдоोрди?

рдиीрдЪे рджिрдП рдЧрдП рдХिрд╕ рд╕рди् рдоें рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдиे рдЕрд╕рдо рдоें рджाрд╕-рдк्рд░рдеा рдХा рдЙрди्рдоूрд▓рди рдХिрдпा рдеा?

(i) 1843 / 1843 рдоाрдпрдеाрдЗрдЖрд╡ / рд╕рди् 1843 рдоें

(ii) 1857 / 1857 рдоाрдпрдеाрдЗрдЖрд╡ / рд╕рди् 1857 рдоें

(iii) 1860 / 1860 рдоाрдпрдеाрдЗрдЖрд╡ / рд╕рди् 1860 рдоें

(iv) 1863 / 1863 рдоाрдпрдеाрдЗрдЖрд╡ / рд╕рди् 1863 рдоें

(c) Who among the following was the first Editor of Jonaki?         1

рждрж▓рз░ ржХোржиржЬржи ‘ржЬোржиাржХী’рз░ ржк্рж░ржержо рж╕ржо্ржкাржжржХ ржЖржЫিрж▓?

ржиীржЪেрж░ ржХে ‘ржЬোржиাржХী’рж░ ржк্рж░ржержо рж╕ржо্ржкাржжржХ ржЫিрж▓েржи?

рдЧाрд╣ाрдпрдиि рд╕ोрд░ рд╕ाрд╕ेрдпा ‘рдЬрдиाрдХी'рдиि рд╕ुрдЬुрдЧिрд░िрдоोрди?

рдЗрдирдоें рд╕े 'рдЬोрдиाрдХी' рдХे рдк्рд░рдердо рд╕ंрдкाрджрдХ рдХौрди рдеे?

(i) Hemchandra Barua / рж╣েржоржЪржи্ржж্рз░ ржмрз░ুрз▒া / рж╣েржоржЪржи্ржж্рж░ ржмрж░ুржп়া / рд╣ेрдордЪंрдж्рд░ рдмрд░ुрд╡ा

(i) Hemchandra Goswami / рж╣েржоржЪржи্ржж্рж░ ржЧােрж╕্ржмাржоী / рж╣েржоржЪржи্ржж্рж░ ржЧােрж╕্ржмাржоী / рд╣ेрдордЪрди्рдж्рд░ рдЧрд╕्рд╡ाрдоी / рд╣ेрдордЪंрдж्рд░ рдЧोрд╕्рд╡ाрдоी

(ii) Lakshminath Bezbaruah / рж▓ржХ্рж╖্ржоীржиাрже ржмেржЬржмрз░ুрз▒া / рж▓ржХ্рж╖্ржоীржиাрже ржмেржЬржмрж░ুржп়া / рд▓рдХ्рд╖्рдоीрдиाрде рдмेрдЬрдмрд░ुрд╡ा / рд▓рдХ्рд╖्рдоीрдиाрде рдмेрдЬрдмрд░ुрд╡ा ।

(iv) Chandra Kumar Agarwala / ржЪржи্ржж্рз░ржХুржоাрз░ ржЖржЧрз░рз▒াрж▓া / ржЪржи্ржж্рж░ржХুржоাрж░ / рдЪंрдж्рд░рдХुрдоाрд░ рдЕрдЧрд░рд╡ाрд▓ 

(d) Which one of the following Indian classical dance forms is of Andhra Pradesh?         1

рждрж▓ржм ржХোржиржмিржз ржнাрз░рждীржп় ржз্рж░ুржкржжী ржиৃржд্ржп ржЕржи্ржз্рж░ржк্рж░ржжেрж╢ржм?

ржиীржЪেрж░ ржХোржиржЯি ржнাрж░рждীржп় ржз্рж░ুржкржжী ржиৃржд্ржп ржЕржи্ржз্рж░ржк্рж░ржжেрж╢েрж░?

рдЧाрд╣ाрдпрдиि рдмрдЬे рднाрд░рддाрд░ि рдз्рд░ुрдкрджी рдоोрд╕ाрдиाрдпा рдЕрди्рдз्рд░рдк्рд░рджेрд╢рдиि?

рдиिрдо्рдирд▓िрдЦिрдд рдоें рд╕े рднाрд░рддीрдп рдз्рд░ुрдкрджी рдХा рдХौрди-рд╕ा рдиृрдд्рдп рдЖंрдз्рд░рдк्рд░рджेрд╢ рдХा рд╣ै?

(i)  Kathakali | ржХржеাржХрж▓ি / ржХржеাржХрж▓ি / рдХрдеाрдХрд▓ी

(ii) Kuchipudi / ржХুржЪিржкুржб়ী / ржХুржЪিржкুржб়ী / рдХुрдЪिрдкुреЬी

(iii) Bharatnatyam / ржнাрз░рждржиাржЯ্ржпржо / ржнাрж░рждржиাржЯ্ржпржо / рднрд░рддрдиाрдЯ्рдпрдо

(iv) odissi / ржЕржбিржЫি / ржУржбিрж╕ি / рдУрдбिрд╕ी

(e) Which one of the following is a non-renewable resource?           1

рждрж▓рз░ ржХোржиржмিржз ржЕржирз▒ীржХрз░ржгржпােржЧ্ржп рж╕ржо্ржкржж?

ржиীржЪেрж░ ржХোржиржЯি ржЕржиржмীржХрж░ржгржпােржЧ্ржп рж╕ржо্ржкржж ?

рдЧाрд╣ाрдпрдиि рдмрдмे рдлोрджाрдирдЬाрдлिрдиै рд╕рдо्рдкрдж?

рдиिрдо्рдирд▓िрдЦिрдд рдоें рд╕े рдЕрдирд╡ीрдХрд░рдгीрдп рд╕ंрд╕ाрдзрди рдХौрди-рд╕ा рд╣ै?

(i) Water / ржкাржиী / ржЬрж▓ / рдкाрдиी।

(ii) Plant / ржЙржж্ржнিржж / ржЙржж্ржнিржж / рдЙрдж्рднिрдж

(iii) Natural gas / ржк্рж░াржХৃрждিржХ ржЧেржЫ / ржк্рж░াржХৃрждিржХ ржЧ্ржпাрж╕ / рдк्рд░ाрдХृрддिрдХ рдЧैрд╕

(iv) Sunshine / рж╕ূрз░্ржпрз░ рз░рж╢্ржоি / рж╕ূрж░্ржпেрж░ рж░рж╢্ржоি / рд╕ूрд░्рдп рдХी рд░рд╢िрдо

(f) Among all the greenhouse gases, which one of the following is responsible for global warming?         1

рж╕েржЙржЬржЧৃрж╣ ржЧেржЫржмােрз░рз░ ржнিрждрз░ржд рждрж▓рз░ ржХোржиржмিржз ржЧেржЫ ржЧােрж▓ржХীржп় ржЙржд্рждাржк ржмৃржж্ржзিрз░ ржмাржмে ржжাржп়ী?

рж╕ржмুржЬржЧৃрж╣ ржЧ্ржпাрж╕ржЧুрж▓িрж░ ржоржз্ржпে ржиীржЪেрж░ ржХোржи্ ржЧ্ржпাрж╕ржЯি ржЧােрж▓ржХীржп় ржЙржд্рждাржк ржмৃржж্ржзিрж░ ржЬржи্ржп ржжাржп়ী?

рдЧोрдеां рди' рдЧेрд╕рдлोрд░рдиि рдоाрджाрд╡ рдЧाрд╣ाрдпрдиि рдмрдмे рдЧेрд╕рдЖ рдЧрд▓рдХाрд░ि рдмिрджुं рдмांрдиाрдпрдиि рдеाрдЦाрдп рджाрдпрдиिрдЧिрд░ि?

рд╣рд░िрддрдЧृрд╣ рдЧैрд╕ों рдоें рд╕े рдиिрдо्рдирд▓िрдЦिрдд рдХौрди-рд╕ी рдЧैрд╕ рд╡िрд╢्рд╡ рддाрдкрди рдХी рд╡ृрдж्рдзि рд╣ेрддु рдЙрдд्рддрд░рджाрдпी рд╣ै?

(i) Oxygen / ржЕржХ্рж╕িржЬেржи / ржЕржХ্рж╕িржЬেржи / рдСрдХ्рд╕ीрдЬрди

(ii) Carbon dioxide / ржХাрж░্ржмржи ржбাржЗржЕржХ্рж╕াржЗржб / ржХাрж░্ржмржи ржбাржЗржЕржХ্рж╕াржЗржб / рдХाрд░्рдмрди рдбाрдЗрдСрдХ्рд╕ाрдЗрдб

(iii) Nitrogen / ржиাржЗржЯ্рж░ржЬেржи / ржиাржЗржЯ্рж░োржЬেржи / рдиाрдЗрдЯ्рд░ोрдЬрди।

(iv) Argon / ржЖрж░্ржЧржи / ржЖрж░্ржЧржи / рдЖрд░्рдЧрди

(g) The longest mountain range in the world is-         1

ржкৃржеিрз▒ীрз░ ржжীрж░্ржШрждржо ржкрж░্ржмрждрж╢্рж░েржгীржЯো рж╣'рж▓—

ржкৃржеিржмীрж░ ржжীрж░্ржШрждржо ржкрж░্ржмрждрж╢্рж░েржгীржЯি рж╣рж▓াে—            

рдмुрд╣ुрдордиि рд▓ाрдЙрд╕िрди рд╣ाрдЬो рд▓ाрд░िрдпा рдЬाрдмाрдп

рдкृрде्рд╡ी рдХी рд╕рдмрд╕े рд▓ंрдмी рдкрд░्рд╡рддрдоाрд▓ा рд╣ै-

(i) the Himalayan Mountain Range / рд╣िрдоाрд▓рдп рд╣ाрдЬोрд▓ाрд░ि / рд╣िрдоाрд▓рдп рдкрд░्рд╡рддрдоाрд▓ा

(ii) the Andes Folded Mountain Range / рдПрдг्рдбिрдЬ рд╣ाрдЬोрд▓ाрд░ि / рдПंрдбिрдЬ рдкрд░्рд╡рддрдоाрд▓ा

(iii) the Rocky Mountain Range / рд░'рдХि рд╣ाрдЬोрд▓ाрд░ि / рд░ॉрдХी рдкрд░्рд╡рддрдоाрд▓ा

(iv) the Ural Mountain Range / рдЗрдЙрд░ाрд▓ рд╣ाрдЬोрд▓ाрд░ि / рдпूрд░ाрд▓ рдкрд░्рд╡рддрдоाрд▓ा

(h) Who among the following persons was not the member of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution of India?  1

рждрж▓рз░ ржХোржиржЬржи ржм্ржпржХ্рждি ржнাрз░рждрз░ рж╕ংржмিржзাржи ржЦржЪрз░া ржХржоিржЯিрз░ рж╕ржжрж╕্ржп ржиাржЫিрж▓?

ржиীржЪেрж░ ржХোржи ржм্ржпржХ্рждি ржнাрж░рждেрж░ рж╕ংржмিржзাржи ржЦрж╕ржб়া ржХржоিржЯিрж░ рж╕ржжрж╕্ржп ржЫিрж▓েржи ржиা?

рдЧाрд╣ाрдпрдиि рд╕ोрд░ рд╕ुрдмुрдЩा рднाрд░рддрдиि рд╕ंрдмिрдЬिрд░ рд░ेрдмрдЬेрди рдЖрдлाрджрдиि рд╕ोрдж्рд░ोрдоा рдирдЩाрдоोрди?

рдЗрдирдоें рд╕े рдХौрди-рд╕े рд╡्рдпрдХ्рддि рднाрд░рдд рдХे рд╕ंрд╡िрдзाрди рдк्рд░ाрд░ूрдкрдг рдХрдоेрдЯी рдХे рд╕рджрд╕्рдп рдирд╣ीं рдеे?

(i) N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar / рдПрдиреж рдЧोрдкाрд▓рд╕्рд╡ाрдоी рдЕрдпंрдЧрд░

(ii) K. M. Munshi / рдХेреж рдПрдореж рдоुрди्рд╕ि / рдХेреж рдПрдореж рдоुंрд╢ी

(iii) Jawaharlal Nehru / рдЬрд╡ाрд╣рд░рд▓ाрд▓ рдиेрд╣рд░ु / рдЬрд╡ाрд╣рд░рд▓ाрд▓ рдиेрд╣рд░ू

(iv) D. P. Khaitan / рдбिреж рдкिреж рдЦैрдЯाрди / рдбीреж рдкीреж рдЦैрддाрди

 

SECTION-B

рдЦ-рд╢ाрдЦा

PART-I / рдЧिрдмि рдЦोрди्рджो / рдЦрдг्рдб-I

 

2. When did Gandhiji start his Salt March from Sabarmati Ashram to the seacoast of Dandi? What is the distance between Sabarmati Ashram and the seacoast of Dandi? 1+1=2

ржЧাржи্ржзীржЬীржп়ে ржХেрждিржп়া рж╕ржмрж░ржорждী ржЖрж╢্рж░ржорз░ ржкрз░া рж╕াржЧрз░рз░ ржкাрз░рз░ ржжাржг্ржбিрж▓ৈ рж▓ােржг ржЖржЗржи ржнংржЧ ржХрз░িржмрж▓ৈ ржпাржд্рж░া ржХрз░িржЫিрж▓? рж╕ржмрз░ржорждী ржЖрж╢্рз░ржо ржЖрз░ু рж╕াржЧрз░рз░ ржкাрз░рз░ ржжাржг্ржбিрз░ ржжূрз░ржд্ржм ржХিржоাржи?

ржЧাржи্ржзীржЬী ржХржмে рж╕ржмрж░ржорждী ржЖрж╢্рж░ржо ржеেржХে рж╕ржоুржж্рж░েрж░ рждীрж░েрж░ ржжাржг্ржбিрждে рж▓ржмржг ржЖржЗржи ржнংржЧ ржХрж░рждে ржпাржд্рж░া ржХрж░েржЫিрж▓েржи? рж╕ржмрж░ржорждী ржЖрж╢্рж░ржо ржПржмং рж╕ржоুржж্рж░ рждীрж░েрж░ ржжাржг্ржбিрж░ ржжূрж░ржд্ржм ржХрждাে ?

рдЧाрди्рдзीрдЬीрдпा рдоाрдмोрд▓ा рд╕рдмрд░рдорддि рдЖрд╕्рд░рдордиिрдл्рд░ाрдп рд▓ैрдеो рд╕ेрд░рдиि рджाрдг्рдбिрд╕िрди рд╕ंрд╕्рдиे рдЖрдпेрди рд╕िрдлाрдпрдиो рд╣ाрди्рдеिрджोंрдоोрди? рд╕рдмрд░рдорддि рдЖрд╕्рд░рдо рдЖрд░ो рд▓ैрдеो рд╕ेрд░рдиि рджाрдг्рдбिрдиि рдЬाрдирдеाрдЗрдЖ рдмेрд╕ेрдмां?

рдЧांрдзीрдЬी рдиे рд╕ाрдмрд░рдорддी рдЖрд╢्рд░рдо рд╕े рд╕рдоुрдж्рд░ рдХे рдХिрдиाрд░े рд╕्рдеिрдд рджांрдбी рддрдХ рдирдордХ рдХाрдиूрди рддोрдб़рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдХрдм рдпाрдд्рд░ा рдХी рдеी? рд╕ाрдмрд░рдорддी рдЖрд╢्рд░рдо рдФрд░ рд╕рдоुрдж्рд░ рдХे рдХिрдиाрд░े рд╕्рдеिрдд рджांрдбी рдХे рдмीрдЪ рдХी рджूрд░ी рдХिрддрдиी рд╣ै?

Ans:- The Salt Satyagraha march started from Sabarmati Ashram on 12 March 1930 and reached Dandi 24 days later on 6 April 1930.

Gandhiji and 80 of his followers covered a distance of 241 miles from the Sabarmati Ashram to the coastal town of Dandi (now located in the Navsari district of Gujarat), where they collected natural salt found along the seashore and used sea salt to produce salt. used salt. Boiling water broke government law.

рдЙрдд्рддрд░:- рдирдордХ рд╕рдд्рдпाрдЧ्рд░рд╣ рдоाрд░्рдЪ 12 рдоाрд░्рдЪ 1930 рдХो рд╕ाрдмрд░рдорддी рдЖрд╢्рд░рдо рд╕े рд╢ुрд░ू рд╣ुрдЖ рдФрд░ 24 рджिрди рдмाрдж 6 рдЕрдк्рд░ैрд▓ 1930 рдХो рджांрдбी рдкрд╣ुंрдЪा।

рдЧांрдзीрдЬी рдФрд░ рдЙрдирдХे 80 рдЕрдиुрдпाрдпिрдпों рдиे рд╕ाрдмрд░рдорддी рдЖрд╢्рд░рдо рд╕े рддрдЯीрдп рд╢рд╣рд░ рджांрдбी (рдЕрдм рдЧुрдЬрд░ाрдд рдХे рдирд╡рд╕ाрд░ी рдЬिрд▓े рдоें рд╕्рдеिрдд) рддрдХ 241 рдоीрд▓ рдХी рджूрд░ी рддрдп рдХी, рдЬрд╣ां рдЙрди्рд╣ोंрдиे рд╕рдоुрдж्рд░ рдХे рдХिрдиाрд░े рдкाрдП рдЬाрдиे рд╡ाрд▓े рдк्рд░ाрдХृрддिрдХ рдирдордХ рдХो рдПрдХрдд्рд░ рдХिрдпा рдФрд░ рдирдордХ рдХा рдЙрдд्рдкाрджрди рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рд╕рдоुрдж्рд░ी рдирдордХ рдХा рдЗрд╕्рддेрдоाрд▓ рдХिрдпा। рдирдордХ рдХा рдЗрд╕्рддेрдоाрд▓ рдХिрдпा। рдЙрдмрд▓рддे рдкाрдиी рдиे рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ी рдХाрдиूрди рддोрдб़ा।

3. Write the names of the President and the General Secretary of Assam Association who were formally elected in the First Session of the Association.    2

ржЖрж╕াржо ржПрж╕ােрж╕িржп়েрж╢ржиেрж░ ржк্рж░ржержо ржЕржзিржмেрж╢ржиে ржиিрж░্ржмাржЪিржд рж╣ржУржп়া рж╕ржнাржкрждি ржПржмং рж╕াржзাрж░ржг : рж╕ржо্ржкাржжржХেрж░ ржиাржо рж▓েржЦাে।

рдЖрд╕ाрдо рдПрд╕рд╕िрдпेрд╕рдирдиि рдЧिрдмि рдЬрдеुрдо्рдоाрдпाрд╡ рд╕ाрдпрдЦ'рдЬाрдиाрдп рдЖрдлाрджрдЧिрд░ि рдЖрд░ो рдЧाрд╣ाрдЗ рдиेрд╣ाрдеाрд░िрдиि рдоुंрдЦौ рд▓िрд░।

рдЖрд╕ाрдо рдПрд╕ोрд╕िрдПрд╢рди рдХे рдк्рд░рдердо рдЕрдзिрд╡ेрд╢рди рдоें рдиिрд░्рд╡ाрдЪिрдд рдЕрдз्рдпрдХ्рд╖ рдФрд░ рдорд╣ाрд╕рдЪिрд╡ рдХे рдиाрдо рд▓िрдЦिрдП।

Ans:- Tarun Ram Phukan (also Fukun, 22 January 1877 – 28 July 1939) was a prominent leader of Assam. He was known as a patriot. He was educated at Cotton Collegiate School, Guwahati and Presidency College, Calcutta. Later, he moved to the bar from the Inner Temple in London. He was educated as a lawyer, but he also worked as a lecturer at Earl's Law College, Guwahati.

He was a prominent member of a political organization called the Assam Association till 1920. Phukan was instrumental in forming the Assam branch of the Indian National Congress in 1921. He was elected its first president. When the non-cooperation movement started, Phukan played a major role in it and he toured different parts of Assam carrying the message of Mahatma Gandhi. In 1921, he was sentenced to one year's rigorous imprisonment in connection with the Non-Cooperation Movement.

рдЙрдд्рддрд░:- рддрд░ुрдг рд░ाрдо рдлुрдХрди (рдлुрдХुрди рднी, 22 рдЬрдирд╡рд░ी 1877 - 28 рдЬुрд▓ाрдИ 1939) рдЕрд╕рдо рдХे рдПрдХ рдк्рд░рдоुрдЦ рдиेрддा рдеे। рдЙрди्рд╣ें рдПрдХ рджेрд╢рднрдХ्рдд рдХे рд░ूрдк рдоें рдЬाрдиा рдЬाрддा рдеा। рдЙрди्рд╣ोंрдиे рдХॉрдЯрди рдХॉрд▓ेрдЬिрдПрдЯ рд╕्рдХूрд▓, рдЧुрд╡ाрд╣ाрдЯी рдФрд░ рдк्рд░ेрд╕ीрдбेंрд╕ी рдХॉрд▓ेрдЬ, рдХрд▓рдХрдд्рддा рдоें рд╢िрдХ्рд╖ा рдк्рд░ाрдк्рдд рдХी। рдмाрдж рдоें, рд╡рд╣ рд▓ंрджрди рдХे рдЗрдирд░ рдЯेंрдкрд▓ рд╕े рдмाрд░ рдоें рдЪрд▓े рдЧрдП। рдЙрди्рд╣ोंрдиे рдПрдХ рд╡рдХीрд▓ рдХे рд░ूрдк рдоें рд╢िрдХ्рд╖ा рдк्рд░ाрдк्рдд рдХी, рд▓ेрдХिрди рдЙрди्рд╣ोंрдиे рдЕрд░्рд▓्рд╕ рд▓ॉ рдХॉрд▓ेрдЬ, рдЧुрд╡ाрд╣ाрдЯी рдоें рдПрдХ рд╡्рдпाрдЦ्рдпाрддा рдХे рд░ूрдк рдоें рднी рдХाрдо рдХिрдпा।

рд╡рд╣ 1920 рддрдХ рдЕрд╕рдо рдПрд╕ोрд╕िрдПрд╢рди рдиाрдордХ рдПрдХ рд░ाрдЬрдиीрддिрдХ рд╕ंрдЧрдарди рдХे рдПрдХ рдк्рд░рдоुрдЦ рд╕рджрд╕्рдп рдеे। рдлुрдХрди рдиे 1921 рдоें рднाрд░рддीрдп рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░ीрдп рдХांрдЧ्рд░ेрд╕ рдХी рдЕрд╕рдо рд╢ाрдЦा рдмрдиाрдиे рдоें рдорд╣рдд्рд╡рдкूрд░्рдг рднूрдоिрдХा рдиिрднाрдИ рдеी। рд╡े рдЗрд╕рдХे рдкрд╣рд▓े рдЕрдз्рдпрдХ्рд╖ рдЪुрдиे рдЧрдП рдеे। рдЬрдм рдЕрд╕рд╣рдпोрдЧ рдЖंрджोрд▓рди рд╢ुрд░ू рд╣ुрдЖ, рддो рдлुрдХрди рдиे рдЗрд╕рдоें рдПрдХ рдк्рд░рдоुрдЦ рднूрдоिрдХा рдиिрднाрдИ рдФрд░ рдЙрди्рд╣ोंрдиे рдорд╣ाрдд्рдоा рдЧांрдзी рдХे рд╕ंрджेрд╢ рдХो рд▓ेрдХрд░ рдЕрд╕рдо рдХे рд╡िрднिрди्рди рд╣िрд╕्рд╕ों рдХा рджौрд░ा рдХिрдпा। 1921 рдоें, рдЙрди्рд╣ें рдЕрд╕рд╣рдпोрдЧ рдЖंрджोрд▓рди рдХे рд╕िрд▓рд╕िрд▓े рдоें рдПрдХ рд╕ाрд▓ рдХे рдХрдаोрд░ рдХाрд░ाрд╡ाрд╕ рдХी рд╕рдЬा рд╕ुрдиाрдИ рдЧрдИ рдеी।

4. Write the names of two divisions of Ojapali and give examples.    2

ржУржЬাржкাрж▓িрз░ ржжুржЯা ржнাржЧрз░ ржиাржо рж▓িржЦা ржЖрз░ু ржЙржжাрж╣рз░ржг ржжিржп়া।

ржУржЬাржкাрж▓িрж░ ржжুржЯি ржнাржЧেрж░ ржиাржо рж▓েржЦাে ржПржмং ржЙржжাрж╣рж░ржг ржжাржУ।

рдЕрдЬाрдкाрд▓िрдиि рдоोрдирдиै рдмाрд╣ाрдЧोрдиि рдоुрдЦौ рд▓िрд░ рдЖрд░ो рдмिрджिрди्рдеि рд╣ो।

рдУрдЬाрдкाрд▓ी рдХे рджो рднाрдЧों рдХे рдиाрдо рд╕ोрджाрд╣рд░рдг рд▓िрдЦिрдП।

Ans:-(A) Byah or Bigoy ojapalli

(B) Sukananni ojapalli or Mario Goa

Examples are

(i) Durgabar kayastha

(ii)  Pitambar

рдЙрдд्рддрд░:- (рдП) рдм्рдпाрд╣ рдпा рдмिрдЧॉрдп рдУрдЬाрдкрд▓्рд▓ी

(рдмी) рд╕ुрдХाрдирди्рдиी рдУрдЬाрдкрд▓्рд▓ी рдпा рдоाрд░िрдпो рдЧोрд╡ा

рдЙрджाрд╣рд░рдг рд╣ैं

(i) рджुрд░्рдЧाрдмाрд░ рдХाрдпрд╕्рде

(ii) рдкीрддांрдмрд░

5. What were the anti-movement measures taken by the British to dominate Swadeshi Movement? Did the British get support from the leaders of the movement?   2+1=3

рж╕্ржмржжেрж╢ী ржЖржи্ржжোрж▓ржи ржжুрж░্ржмрж▓ ржХрз░াрз░ ржмাржмে ржмৃржЯিржЫ ржЪрз░ржХাрз░ে ржХি ржХি ржХрж░্ржоржкржи্ржеা рж▓ৈржЫিрж▓? ржЖржи্ржжোрж▓ржирз░ ржиেрждাрж╕ржХрж▓рз░ ржкрз░া ржЪрз░ржХাрз░ে рж╕ঁрж╣াрз░ি рж▓াржн ржХрз░িржЫিрж▓ ржиে?

рж╕্ржмржжেрж╢ী ржЖржи্ржжোрж▓ржи ржжুрж░্ржмрж▓ ржХрж░াрж░ ржЬржи্ржп ржм্рж░িржЯিрж╢ рж╕рж░ржХাрж░ ржХী ржХী ржХрж░্ржоржкржи্ржеা ржиিржп়েржЫিрж▓াে? ржЖржи্ржжোрж▓ржиেрж░ ржиেрждাржжেрж░ ржеেржХে рж╕рж░ржХাрж░ рж╕ржорж░্ржержи рж▓াржн ржХрж░েржЫিрж▓াে ржХী?

рдЧाрд╡рд╣ाрджрд░ाрд░ि рд╕ोрдоाрд╡рд╕ाрд░рдиाрдпрдЦौ рд▓ोрд░्рдмा рдЦाрд▓ाрдордиो рдеाрдЦाрдп рдм्рд░िрдЯिрд╕ рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ा рдоा рдоा рд╣ाрдмाрдлाрд░ि рд▓ाрджोंрдоोрди? рд╕ोрдоाрд╡рд╕ाрд░рдиाрдп рджैрджेрдирдЧिрд░िрдлोрд░рдиिрдл्рд░ाрдп рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ा рдорджрдж рдоोрдирджोंрдоोрдирджा?

рд╕्рд╡рджेрд╢ी рдЖंрджोрд▓рди рдХो рдХрдордЬोрд░ рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬ рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рдиे рдХ्рдпा-рдХ्рдпा рдХिрдпा? рдХ्рдпा рдЖंрджोрд▓рди рдХे рдиेрддाрдУं рд╕े рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рдХो рд╕рдорд░्рдерди рдоिрд▓ा?

Ans:- The anti-movement measures taken by the British to dominate the Swadeshi movement basically included persecution, lathi-charge, partition of Bengal and crackdown in Hindu-Muslim unity.

He tried to break the movement by resorting to repressive measures so that Indians could be forced to use their goods.

They were also engaged in large-scale lathi-charges known as 'regulation lathis'.

Moreover, Bengal was divided by him and he also created a division between the two major communities of the country to achieve his goal.

рдЙрдд्рддрд░:- рд╕्рд╡рджेрд╢ी рдЖंрджोрд▓рди рдкрд░ рд╣ाрд╡ी рд╣ोрдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдж्рд╡ाрд░ा рдХिрдП рдЧрдП рдЖंрджोрд▓рди рд╡िрд░ोрдзी рдЙрдкाрдпों рдоें рдоूрд▓ рд░ूрдк рд╕े рдЙрдд्рдкीрдб़рди, рд▓ाрдаीрдЪाрд░्рдЬ, рдмंрдЧाрд▓ рдХा рд╡िрднाрдЬрди рдФрд░ рд╣िंрджू-рдоुрд╕्рд▓िрдо рдПрдХрддा рдоें рджрд░ाрд░ рд╢ाрдоिрд▓ рдеी।

рдЙрди्рд╣ोंрдиे рджрдордирдХाрд░ी рдЙрдкाрдпों рдХा рд╕рд╣ाрд░ा рд▓ेрдХрд░ рдЖंрджोрд▓рди рдХो рддोрдб़рдиे рдХी рдХोрд╢िрд╢ рдХी рддाрдХि рднाрд░рддीрдпों рдХो рдЕрдкрдиे рд╕ाрдоाрди рдХा рдЗрд╕्рддेрдоाрд▓ рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдордЬрдмूрд░ рдХिрдпा рдЬा рд╕рдХे।

рд╡े рдмрдб़े рдкैрдоाрдиे рдкрд░ рд▓ाрдаीрдЪाрд░्рдЬ рдоें рднी рд▓рдЧे рд╣ुрдП рдеे рдЬिрди्рд╣ें 'рдиिрдпрдорди рд▓ाрдаी' рдХे рд░ूрдк рдоें рдЬाрдиा рдЬाрддा рд╣ै।

рдЗрд╕рдХे рдЕрд▓ाрд╡ा, рдмंрдЧाрд▓ рдЙрдирдХे рдж्рд╡ाрд░ा рд╡िрднाрдЬिрдд рдХिрдпा рдЧрдпा рдеा рдФрд░ рдЙрди्рд╣ोंрдиे рдЕрдкрдиे рд▓рдХ्рд╖्рдп рдХो рдк्рд░ाрдк्рдд рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рджेрд╢ рдХे рджो рдк्рд░рдоुрдЦ рд╕рдоुрджाрдпों рдХे рдмीрдЪ рдПрдХ рд╡िрднाрдЬрди рднी рдмрдиाрдпा।

Or/ ржиাржЗржмা / ржЕржержмা/ рдЕрдерд╡ा

What were the initial programmes of the Swadeshi Movement? Mention briefly about each of the programmes. 3

рж╕্ржмржжেрж╢ী ржЖржи্ржжোрж▓ржирз░ ржк্рз░াрз░ржо্ржнিржХ ржХাрз░্ржпрж╕ূржЪীржмােрз░ ржХি ржХি ржЖржЫিрж▓? ржк্рж░рждিржмিржз ржХাрз░্ржпрж╕ূржЪী ржЪржоুржХৈ ржЙрж▓্рж▓েржЦ ржХрз░া।

рж╕্ржмржжেрж╢ী ржЖржи্ржжোрж▓ржиেрж░ ржк্рж░াрж░ржо্ржнিржХ ржХাрз░্ржпрж╕ূржЪীржЧুрж▓ি ржХী ржХী ржЫিрж▓াে? ржк্рж░рждিржЯি ржХাрз░্ржпрж╕ূржЪী рж╕ংржХ্рж╖েржкে ржЙрж▓্рж▓েржЦ ।

рдЧाрд╡рд╣ाрджрд░ाрд░ि рд╕ोрдоाрд╡рд╕ाрд░рдиाрдпрдиि рдЧिрдмि рд╣ाрдмाрдлाрд░िрдлोрд░ा рдоा рдоा рдоोрди? рдоोрдирдл्рд░ोрдордмो рд╣ाрдмाрдлाрд░िрдЦा рдЧुрд╕ुрдб рдордЦ'।

рд╕्рд╡рджेрд╢ी рдЖंрджोрд▓рди рдХे рдк्рд░ाрд░ंрднिрдХ рдХाрд░्рдпрдХ्рд░рдо рдХ्рдпा-рдХ्рдпा рдеे? рдк्рд░рдд्рдпेрдХ рдХाрд░्рдпрдХ्рд░рдо рдХे рдмाрд░े рдоें рд╕ंрдХ्рд╖ेрдк рдоें рд▓िрдЦिрдП।

Ans:- Partition of Bengal: The partition of Bengal was done by Lord Curzon in the year 1905.

Reason: To increase the efficiency of administration.

Initial program of the movement:

Swadeshi Movement: People used goods produced in India

Boycott Movement: A refusal to buy or sell British goods.

People agitated against the partition of Bengal as they felt that the spirit of unity had been disturbed.

рдЙрдд्рддрд░:- рдмंрдЧाрд▓ рдХा рд╡िрднाрдЬрди : рдмंрдЧाрд▓ рдХा рд╡िрднाрдЬрди рд▓ॉрд░्рдб рдХрд░्рдЬрди рдиे рд╡рд░्рд╖ 1905 рдоें рдХिрдпा рдеा।

рдХाрд░рдг: рдк्рд░рд╢ाрд╕рди рдХी рджрдХ्рд╖рддा рдмрдв़ाрдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП।

рдЖंрджोрд▓рди рдХा рдк्рд░ाрд░ंрднिрдХ рдХाрд░्рдпрдХ्рд░рдо:

рд╕्рд╡рджेрд╢ी рдЖंрджोрд▓рди: рд▓ोрдЧ рднाрд░рдд рдоें рдЙрдд्рдкाрджिрдд рд╡рд╕्рддुрдУं рдХा рдЙрдкрдпोрдЧ рдХрд░рддे рдеे

рдмрд╣िрд╖्рдХाрд░ рдЖंрджोрд▓рди: рдм्рд░िрдЯिрд╢ рд╕ाрдоाрди рдЦрд░ीрджрдиे рдпा рдмेрдЪрдиे рд╕े рдЗрдирдХाрд░।

рд▓ोрдЧों рдиे рдмंрдЧाрд▓ рдХे рд╡िрднाрдЬрди рдХे рдЦिрд▓ाрдл рдЖंрджोрд▓рди рдХिрдпा рдХ्рдпोंрдХि рдЙрди्рд╣ें рд▓рдЧा рдХि рдПрдХрддा рдХी рднाрд╡рдиा рднंрдЧ рд╣ो рдЧрдИ рд╣ै।

6. Discuss three contributions of Swadeshi Movement. 3

рж╕্ржмржжেрж╢ী ржЖржи্ржжোрж▓ржирз░ рждিржиিржЯা ржЕрз▒ржжাржи ржЖрж▓ােржЪржиা ржХрз░া।

рж╕্ржмржжেрж╢ী ржЖржи্ржжোрж▓ржиেрж░ рждিржиржЯি ржЕржмржжাржи ржЖрж▓ােржЪржиা ржХрж░াে।

рдЧाрд╡рд╣ाрджрд░ाрд░ि рд╕ोрдоाрд╡рд╕ाрд░рдиाрдпрдиि рдоोрдирдеाрдо рдмिрд╣ोрдоा рд╕ाрд╡рд░ाрдп।

рд╕्рд╡рджेрд╢ी рдЖंрджोрд▓рди рдХे рддीрди рдЕрд╡рджाрдиों рдХा рдЙрд▓्рд▓ेрдЦ рдХीрдЬिрдП।

Ans:- The main contribution of the Swadeshi Movement was:

(i) Boycott British products and goods in India

(ii) Increase in demand for Indian goods and textiles

(iii) Many other industries were established during this period.

Explanation:

The partition of Bengal was the main trigger along with many other reasons for the beginning of the Swadeshi movement in India.

People all over the country started boycotting all British and foreign goods. This resulted in an increase in the demand for Indian goods.

It was a boon to the Indian textile mills and other industries of the country. Soon this movement spread all over the country and it increased the feeling of nationalism among the people.

рдЙрдд्рддрд░:- рд╕्рд╡рджेрд╢ी рдЖंрджोрд▓рди рдХा рдоुрдЦ्рдп рдпोрдЧрджाрди рдеा:

(i) рднाрд░рдд рдоें рдм्рд░िрдЯिрд╢ рдЙрдд्рдкाрджों рдФрд░ рд╕ाрдоाрдиों рдХा рдмрд╣िрд╖्рдХाрд░ рдХрд░ें

(ii) рднाрд░рддीрдп рд╡рд╕्рддुрдУं рдФрд░ рд╡рд╕्рдд्рд░ों рдХी рдоांрдЧ рдоें рд╡ृрдж्рдзि

(iii) рдЗрд╕ рдЕрд╡рдзि рдХे рджौрд░ाрди рдХрдИ рдЕрди्рдп рдЙрдж्рдпोрдЧ рд╕्рдеाрдкिрдд рдХिрдП рдЧрдП।

рд╡्рдпाрдЦ्рдпा:

рднाрд░рдд рдоें рд╕्рд╡рджेрд╢ी рдЖंрджोрд▓рди рдХी рд╢ुрд░ुрдЖрдд рдХे рдХрдИ рдЕрди्рдп рдХाрд░рдгों рдХे рд╕ाрде-рд╕ाрде рдмंрдЧाрд▓ рдХा рд╡िрднाрдЬрди рдоुрдЦ्рдп рдЯ्рд░िрдЧрд░ рдеा।

рдкूрд░े рджेрд╢ рдоें рд▓ोрдЧों рдиे рд╕рднी рдм्рд░िрдЯिрд╢ рдФрд░ рд╡िрджेрд╢ी рд╕ाрдоाрдиों рдХा рдмрд╣िрд╖्рдХाрд░ рдХрд░рдиा рд╢ुрд░ू рдХрд░ рджिрдпा। рдЗрд╕рдХे рдкрд░िрдгाрдорд╕्рд╡рд░ूрдк рднाрд░рддीрдп рд╡рд╕्рддुрдУं рдХी рдоांрдЧ рдоें рд╡ृрдж्рдзि рд╣ुрдИ।

рдпрд╣ рднाрд░рддीрдп рдХрдкрдб़ा рдоिрд▓ों рдФрд░ рджेрд╢ рдХे рдЕрди्рдп рдЙрдж्рдпोрдЧों рдХे рд▓िрдП рд╡рд░рджाрди рдеा। рдЬрд▓्рдж рд╣ी рдпрд╣ рдЖंрджोрд▓рди рдкूрд░े рджेрд╢ рдоें рдлैрд▓ рдЧрдпा рдФрд░ рдЗрд╕рдиे рд▓ोрдЧों рдоें рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░рд╡ाрдж рдХी рднाрд╡рдиा рдХो рдмрдв़ा рджिрдпा।

7. Discuss in brief the causes of the Revolt of 1857-58 in India and its impact on Assam.  3

ржнাрз░рждрз░ рззрзорзлрзн-рзлрзо ржЪржирз░ ржмিржж্рз░োрж╣рз░ ржХাрз░ржгрж╕ржоূрж╣ ржЖрз░ু ржЕрж╕ржоржд ржЗржп়াрз░ ржк্рз░ржнাрз▒ ржЪржоুржХৈ ржЖрж▓ােржЪржиা рдХрд▓ा।

ржнাрж░рждেрж░ рззрзорзлрзн-рзлрзо рж╕ржиেрж░ ржмিржж্рж░োрж╣েрж░ ржХাрж░ржгржЧুрж▓ি ржПржмং ржЕрж╕ржоে ржПрж░ ржк্рж░ржнাржм рж╕ংржХ্рж╖েржкে рдмाрдЯрдиाрдиा рдХрд░рдиा।

рднाрд░рддрдиि 1857-58 рдоाрдпрдеाрдЗрдиि рдмिрдЧ्рд░ाрдпрдиाрдпрдиि рдЬाрд╣ोрдирдлोрд░ рдЖрд░ो рдЖрд╕ाрдоाрд╡ рдмेрдиि рдЧोрд╣ोрдордиि рдмाрдЧै рдЧुрд╕ुрдбै рд╕ाрд╡рд░ाрдп।

рднाрд░рдд рдоें рд╕рди् 1857-58 рдХे рд╡िрдж्рд░ोрд╣ рдХे рдХाрд░рдгों рдФрд░ рдЕрд╕рдо рдоें рдЗрд╕рдХे рдк्рд░рднाрд╡ рдХे рдмाрд░े рдоें рд╕ंрдХ्рд╖ेрдк рдоें рд▓िрдЦिрдП।

Ans:- Although there were not enough written records regarding Assam's contribution to the revolt of 1857, there are many oral sources. According to oral source, the rebellion touched Assam through its middle class people and made an impact with a certain mass during 1857.

According to sources Maniram Diwan led the revolt of 1857 in Assam.

The main reason for the rebellion in Assam:

Assamese initially welcomed British rule in their premises. He believed that the British people would restore their lost privileges and rights but the action of the British resulted in the colonization of the state. This made Assamese worried about their rights and resulted in rebellion.

рдЙрдд्рддрд░:- рдпрдж्рдпрдкि 1857 рдХे рд╡िрдж्рд░ोрд╣ рдоें рдЕрд╕рдо рдХे рдпोрдЧрджाрди рдХे рд╕ंрдмंрдз рдоें рдкрд░्рдпाрдк्рдд рд▓िрдЦिрдд рдЕрднिрд▓ेрдЦ рдирд╣ीं рдеे, рдлिрд░ рднी рдХрдИ рдоौрдЦिрдХ рд╕्рд░ोрдд рд╣ैं। рдоौрдЦिрдХ рд╕्рд░ोрдд рдХे рдЕрдиुрд╕ाрд░, рд╡िрдж्рд░ोрд╣ рдиे рдЕрд╕рдо рдХो рдЕрдкрдиे рдордз्рдпрдо рд╡рд░्рдЧ рдХे рд▓ोрдЧों рдХे рдоाрдз्рдпрдо рд╕े рдЫुрдЖ рдФрд░ 1857 рдХे рджौрд░ाрди рдПрдХ рдиिрд╢्рдЪिрдд рдЬрди рдХे рд╕ाрде рдк्рд░рднाрд╡ рдбाрд▓ा।

рд╕ूрдд्рд░ों рдХे рдЕрдиुрд╕ाрд░ рдЕрд╕рдо рдоें 1857 рдХे рд╡िрдж्рд░ोрд╣ рдХा рдиेрддृрдд्рд╡ рдордиीрд░ाрдо рджीрд╡ाрди рдиे рдХिрдпा рдеा।

рдЕрд╕рдо рдоें рд╡िрдж्рд░ोрд╣ рдХा рдоुрдЦ्рдп рдХाрд░рдг:

рдЕрд╕рдоिрдпा рдиे рд╢ुрд░ू рдоें рдЕрдкрдиे рдкрд░िрд╕рд░ рдоें рдм्рд░िрдЯिрд╢ рд╢ाрд╕рди рдХा рд╕्рд╡ाрдЧрдд рдХिрдпा। рдЙрдирдХा рдоाрдирдиा ​​рдеा рдХि рдм्рд░िрдЯिрд╢ рд▓ोрдЧ рдЕрдкрдиे рдЦोрдП рд╣ुрдП рд╡िрд╢ेрд╖ाрдзिрдХाрд░ों рдФрд░ рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ों рдХो рдмрд╣ाрд▓ рдХрд░ेंрдЧे рд▓ेрдХिрди рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХी рдХाрд░्рд░рд╡ाрдИ рдХे рдкрд░िрдгाрдорд╕्рд╡рд░ूрдк рд░ाрдЬ्рдп рдХा рдЙрдкрдиिрд╡ेрд╢ीрдХрд░рдг рд╣ुрдЖ। рдЗрд╕рд╕े рдЕрд╕рдоिрдпा рдЕрдкрдиे рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ों рдХो рд▓ेрдХрд░ рдЪिंрддिрдд рд╣ो рдЧрдП рдФрд░ рд╡िрдж्рд░ोрд╣ рдХा рд░ूрдк рд▓े рд▓िрдпा।

8. Briefly discuss the importance of the Revolt of 1857 in Assam.     3

ржЕрж╕ржоржд рззрзорзлрзн ржЪржирз░ ржмিржж্рз░োрж╣рз░ ржЧুрз░ুржд্ржм рж╕ржо্ржкрж░্ржХে ржЪржоুржХৈ ржЖрж▓ােржЪржиা ржХржмা।

ржЕрж╕ржоে рззрзорзлрзн рж╕ржиেрж░ ржмিржж্рж░োрж╣েрж░ ржЧুрж░ুржд্ржм рж╕ржо্ржкрж░্ржХে рж╕ংржХ্рж╖েржкে ржЖрж▓ােржЪржиা ржХрж░াে।

рдЕрд╕рдо рдоें рд╕рди 1857 рдХे рд╡िрдж्рд░ोрд╣ рдХे рдорд╣рдд्рд╡ рдХे рдмाрд░े рдоें рд╕ंрдХ्рд╖ेрдк рдоें рд▓िрдЦिрдП।

Ans:- Significance of Revolt of 1857 in Assam:-

(i) The importance of the Revolt of 1857 in Assam lies in the fact that it contributed to the development of national consciousness.

(ii) As a sequel to the rebellion, the people of Assam gradually became aware of the destructive nature of British rule. This consciousness found expression in a series of anti-British popular revolts during the period after 1857.

(iii) The Revolt of 1857 also exposed the oppressive nature of foreign rule to the working class of Assam. This is the reason that in later years the workers of the tea gardens went on strike demanding redressal of their grievances.

(iv) Finally, Maniram's fight against the British created a stir in the minds of the people of Assam. The people of Assam still remember his patriotism and the sacrifice of his life for the country.

(v) Many folk-songs and ballads composed by unknown poets in memory of Mani Ram's patriotism and self-sacrifice are popular even today, and commemorate his martyrdom.

рдЙрдд्рддрд░:- рдЕрд╕рдо рдоें 1857 рдХे рд╡िрдж्рд░ोрд╣ рдХा рдорд╣рдд्рд╡:-

(i) рдЕрд╕рдо рдоें 1857 рдХे рд╡िрдж्рд░ोрд╣ рдХा рдорд╣рдд्рд╡ рдЗрд╕ рддрде्рдп рдоें рдиिрд╣िрдд рд╣ै рдХि рдЗрд╕рдиे рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░ीрдп рдЪेрддрдиा рдХे рд╡िрдХाрд╕ рдоें рдпोрдЧрджाрди рджिрдпा।

(ii) рд╡िрдж्рд░ोрд╣ рдХी рдЕрдЧрд▓ी рдХрдб़ी рдХे рд░ूрдк рдоें, рдЕрд╕рдо рдХे рд▓ोрдЧ рдзीрд░े-рдзीрд░े рдм्рд░िрдЯिрд╢ рд╢ाрд╕рди рдХी рд╡िрдиाрд╢рдХाрд░ी рдк्рд░рдХृрддि рд╕े рдЕрд╡рдЧрдд рд╣ो рдЧрдП। рдЗрд╕ рдЪेрддрдиा рдХो 1857 рдХे рдмाрдж рдХी рдЕрд╡рдзि рдХे рджौрд░ाрди рдм्рд░िрдЯिрд╢ рд╡िрд░ोрдзी рд▓ोрдХрдк्рд░िрдп рд╡िрдж्рд░ोрд╣ों рдХी рдПрдХ рд╢्рд░ृंрдЦрд▓ा рдоें рдЕрднिрд╡्рдпрдХ्рддि рдоिрд▓ी।

(iii) 1857 рдХे рд╡िрдж्рд░ोрд╣ рдиे рдЕрд╕рдо рдХे рдордЬрджूрд░ рд╡рд░्рдЧ рдХे рд▓िрдП рд╡िрджेрд╢ी рд╢ाрд╕рди рдХी рджрдордирдХाрд░ी рдк्рд░рдХृрддि рдХो рднी рдЙрдЬाрдЧрд░ рдХिрдпा। рдпрд╣ी рдХाрд░рдг рд╣ै рдХि рдмाрдж рдХे рд╡рд░्рд╖ों рдоें рдЪाрдп рдмाрдЧाрдиों рдХे рдХрд░्рдордЪाрд░ी рдЕрдкрдиी рд╢िрдХाрдпрддों рдХे рдиिрд╡ाрд░рдг рдХी рдоांрдЧ рдХो рд▓ेрдХрд░ рд╣рдб़рддाрд▓ рдкрд░ рдЪрд▓े рдЧрдП।

(iv) рдЕंрдд рдоें, рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдХे рдЦिрд▓ाрдл рдордиीрд░ाрдо рдХी рд▓рдб़ाрдИ рдиे рдЕрд╕рдо рдХे рд▓ोрдЧों рдХे рдорди рдоें рд╣рд▓рдЪрд▓ рдкैрджा рдХрд░ рджी। рдЕрд╕рдо рдХे рд▓ोрдЧ рдЖрдЬ рднी рдЙрдирдХी рджेрд╢рднрдХ्рддि рдФрд░ рджेрд╢ рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЙрдирдХे рдмрд▓िрджाрди рдХो рдпाрдж рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं।

(v) рдордгि рд░ाрдо рдХी рджेрд╢рднрдХ्рддि рдФрд░ рдЖрдд्рдо-рдмрд▓िрджाрди рдХी рдпाрдж рдоें рдЕрдЬ्рдЮाрдд рдХрд╡िрдпों рдж्рд╡ाрд░ा рд░рдЪिрдд рдХрдИ рд▓ोрдХ-рдЧीрдд рдФрд░ рдЧाрдеाрдЧीрдд рдЖрдЬ рднी рд▓ोрдХрдк्рд░िрдп рд╣ैं, рдФрд░ рдЙрдирдХी рд╢рд╣ाрджрдд рдХो рдпाрдж рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं।

Or/ ржиাржЗржмা / ржЕржержмা / рдЕрдерд╡ा

Discuss the importance of Phulaguri Dhawa in history. 3

ржЗрждিрж╣াрж╕ржд ржлুрж▓ржЧুрз░ি ржзাрз▒াрз░ ржЧুрз░ুржд্ржм ржЖрж▓ােржЪржиা ржХрз░া।

ржЗрждিрж╣াрж╕ে ржлুрж▓ржЧুрж░ি ржзাржУржп়াрж░ ржЧুрж░ুржд্ржм ржЖрж▓ােржЪржиা ржХрж░াে।

рдЬाрд░िрдоिрдирдЖрд╡ рдлुрд▓рдЧुрд░िрдиि рдзाрд╡ाрдиि рдЧोрдиांрдеिрдЦौ рд╕ाрд╡рд░ाрдп।

рдЗрддिрд╣ाрд╕ рдоें рдлुрд▓рдЧुрд░ी рдзाрд╡े рдХे рдорд╣рдд्рдд्рд╡ рдХी рдЖрд▓ोрдЪрдиा рдХीрдЬिрдП।          

Ans:- 150 years after Assam's first peasant revolt, the Nagaon district administration plans to trace the history of Phulguri Dhwa.

On October 18, 1861, Lieutenant Singer, the then Deputy Commissioner of Fulguri, was murdered by a large number of farmers. The rebellion known as the 'Fulguri Dhwa', in which a British officer was killed and several police officers were injured, was triggered by a ban. Proposal for taxation on the cultivation of opium and on betel nut and walnut. On October 18, 1861, Lieutenant Singer, Third Class Deputy Commissioner, accompanied by the Jail Inspector, reached Fulguri and began negotiations with the farmers who had gathered there, but the situation soon turned violent and Singer was beaten to death along with some policemen. was put. , And his body was thrown in the Kollong river.

The incident triggered a brutal retribution by the British and 141 persons were arrested and tried in Nagaon and even Calcutta, according to official estimates, many of whom were sentenced to death and life imprisonment. heard.

 

рдЙрдд्рддрд░:- рдЕрд╕рдо рдХे рдкрд╣рд▓े рдХिрд╕ाрди рд╡िрдж्рд░ोрд╣ рдХे 150 рд╕ाрд▓ рдмाрдж, рдиाрдЧांрд╡ рдЬिрд▓ा рдк्рд░рд╢ाрд╕рди рдиे рдлुрд▓рдЧुрд░ी рдзрд╡ा рдХे рдЗрддिрд╣ाрд╕ рдХा рдкрддा рд▓рдЧाрдиे рдХी рдпोрдЬрдиा рдмрдиाрдИ рд╣ै।

18 рдЕрдХ्рдЯूрдмрд░, 1861 рдХो рдлुрд▓рдЧुрд░ी рдХे рддрдд्рдХाрд▓ीрди рдЙрдкाрдпुрдХ्рдд рд▓ेрдл्рдЯिрдиेंрдЯ рд╕िंрдЧрд░ рдХी рдмрдб़ी рд╕ंрдЦ्рдпा рдоें рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рдиे рд╣рдд्рдпा рдХрд░ рджी рдеी। 'рдлुрд▓рдЧुрд░ी рдзрд╡ा' рдХे рдиाрдо рд╕े рдЬाрдиा рдЬाрдиे рд╡ाрд▓ा рд╡िрдж्рд░ोрд╣, рдЬिрд╕рдоें рдПрдХ рдм्рд░िрдЯिрд╢ рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ी рдоाрд░ा рдЧрдпा рдеा рдФрд░ рдХрдИ рдкुрд▓िрд╕ рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ी рдШाрдпрд▓ рд╣ो рдЧрдП рдеे, рдПрдХ рдк्рд░рддिрдмंрдз рд╕े рд╢ुрд░ू рд╣ुрдЖ рдеा। рдЕрдлीрдо рдХी рдЦेрддी рдФрд░ рд╕ुрдкाрд░ी рд╡ рдЕрдЦрд░ोрдЯ рдкрд░ рдХрд░ाрдзाрди рдХा рдк्рд░рд╕्рддाрд╡। 18 рдЕрдХ्рдЯूрдмрд░, 1861 рдХो, рд▓ेрдл्рдЯिрдиेंрдЯ рд╕िंрдЧрд░, рдерд░्рдб рдХ्рд▓ाрд╕ рдбिрдк्рдЯी рдХрдоिрд╢्рдирд░, рдЬेрд▓ рдЗंрд╕्рдкेрдХ्рдЯрд░ рдХे рд╕ाрде, рдлुрд▓рдЧुрд░ी рдкрд╣ुंрдЪे рдФрд░ рд╡рд╣ां рдЬрдоा рд╣ुрдП рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рдХे рд╕ाрде рдмाрддрдЪीрдд рд╢ुрд░ू рдХी, рд▓ेрдХिрди рд╕्рдеिрддि рдЬрд▓्рдж рд╣ी рд╣िंрд╕рдХ рд╣ो рдЧрдИ рдФрд░ рд╕िंрдЧрд░ рдХो рдХुрдЫ рдкुрд▓िрд╕рдХрд░्рдоिрдпों рдХे рд╕ाрде рдкीрдЯ-рдкीрдЯрдХрд░ рдоाрд░ рдбाрд▓ा рдЧрдпा। рдбाрд▓ा рдЧрдпा। , рдФрд░ рдЙрд╕рдХे рд╢рд░ीрд░ рдХो рдХोрд▓्рд▓ोंрдЧ рдирджी рдоें рдлेंрдХ рджिрдпा рдЧрдпा рдеा।

рдЖрдзिрдХाрд░िрдХ рдЕрдиुрдоाрдиों рдХे рдЕрдиुрд╕ाрд░, рдЗрд╕ рдШрдЯрдиा рдиे рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬों рдж्рд╡ाрд░ा рдПрдХ рдХ्рд░ूрд░ рдк्рд░рддिрд╢ोрдз рдХी рд╢ुрд░ुрдЖрдд рдХी рдФрд░ 141 рд╡्рдпрдХ्рддिрдпों рдХो рдЧिрд░рдл्рддाрд░ рдХिрдпा рдЧрдпा рдФрд░ рдЙрди рдкрд░ рдирдЧांрд╡ рдФрд░ рдпрд╣ां рддрдХ ​​рдХि рдХрд▓рдХрдд्рддा рдоें рдоुрдХрджрдоा рдЪрд▓ाрдпा рдЧрдпा, рдЬिрдирдоें рд╕े рдХрдИ рдХो рдоौрдд рдФрд░ рдЖрдЬीрд╡рди рдХाрд░ाрд╡ाрд╕ рдХी рд╕рдЬा рд╕ुрдиाрдИ рдЧрдИ। рд╕ुрдиा।

9. What do you understand by the term 'Satyagraha? Briefly write about the three local disputes where Gandhiji first applied the technique of Satyagraha in India.  1+3=4

рж╕ржд্ржпাржЧ্рж░рж╣' ржмুрж▓িрж▓ে ржХি ржмুржЬা? ржпি рждিржиিржЯা рж╕্ржеাржиীржп় ржмিржмাржжрз░ ржХ্рж╖েржд্рз░ржд ржЧাржи্ржзীржЬীржп়ে рж╕ржд্ржпাржЧ্рж░рж╣ржХ ржк্рж░ржержорждে ржк্рж░ржп়ােржЧ ржХрз░িржЫিрж▓ рж╕েржЗ рждিржиিржЯাрз░ ржмিрж╖ржп়ে рж╕ংржХ্рж╖িржк্ржд ржмিрз▒рз░ржг ржжিржп়া।

рж╕ржд্ржпাржЧ্рж░рж╣’ ржмрж▓рждে ржХি ржмােржЭ? ржпে рждিржиржЯি рж╕্ржеাржиীржп় ржмিржмাржжেрж░ ржХ্рж╖েржд্рж░ে ржЧাржи্ржзীржЬী рж╕ржд্ржпাржЧ্рж░рж╣ржХে ржк্рж░ржержоে ржк্рж░ржп়ােржЧ ржХрж░েржЫিрж▓েржи рж╕েржЗ рждিржиржЯিрж░ ржмিрж╖ржп়ে рж╕ংржХ্рж╖িржк্ржд ржмিржмрж░ржг ржжাржУ।

'рд╕рдд्рдпाрдЧ्рд░рд╣' рдмुрдЩोрдм्рд▓ा рдоा рдмुрдЬिрдпो? рдЬाрдп рдоोрдирдеाрдо рдЬाрдпрдЧाрдпाрд░ि рджाрд╡рд░ाрд╡-рджाрд╡рд╕िрдпाрд╡ рдЧाрди्рдзीрдЬीрдпा рд╕рдд्рдпाрдЧ्рд░рд╣рдЦौ рдЧिрдмिрдпै рдмाрд╣ाрдпрдЬेрди्рджोंрдоोрди рдмै рдоोрдирдеाрдордиि рдмाрдЧै 'рд╕ुंрдж' рдлोрд░рдоाрдпрдеि рд╣ो।

'рд╕рдд्рдпाрдЧ्рд░рд╣' рдХिрд╕े рдХрд╣рддे рд╣ैं? рднाрд░рдд рдоें рдЧांрдзीрдЬी рдиे рдЬिрди рддीрди рд╕्рдеाрдиीрдп рд╡िрд╡ाрдж рдХो рд▓ेрдХрд░ рд╕рдмрд╕े рдкрд╣рд▓े рд╕рдд्рдпाрдЧ्рд░рд╣ рдХा рдк्рд░рдпोрдЧ рдХिрдпा рдеा, рдЙрдирдХे рдмाрд░े рдоें рд╕ंрдХ्рд╖िрдк्рдд рд╡рд░्рдгрди рдХीрдЬिрдП।

Ans:- It is a combination of two different words, satya (truth) and agraha (observance, fasting). Its original meaning is 'to hold on to the truth'. Gandhi explained that satyagraha was not just passive resistance. This meant intense political activity by large crowds of people.

The three local disputes in which Gandhi first applied the technique of Satyagraha during 1917–18 were in Champaran (North Bihar), Kheda (Gujarat) and Ahmedabad. In Champaran, he raised the issue of farmers against landlords, in Kheda against land-revenue recovery for farmers' crop failure, and in Ahmedabad against mill workers against mill owners. In each case, the strategy was satyagraha, and the principles were truth and non-violence. And in every case, the real force that worked under Gandhi was 'collective participation'.

рдЙрдд्рддрд░:- рдпрд╣ рджो рдЕрд▓рдЧ-рдЕрд▓рдЧ рд╢рдм्рджों, рд╕рдд्рдп (рд╕рдд्рдп) рдФрд░ рдЕрдЧ्рд░рд╣ा (рдкाрд▓рди, рдЙрдкрд╡ाрд╕) рдХा рдПрдХ рд╕ंрдпोрдЬрди рд╣ै। рдЗрд╕рдХा рдоूрд▓ рдЕрд░्рде 'рд╕рдд्рдп рдХो рдеाрдоे рд░рд╣рдиा' рд╣ै। рдЧांрдзी рдиे рд╕рдордЭाрдпा рдХि рд╕рдд्рдпाрдЧ्рд░рд╣ рдХेрд╡рд▓ рдиिрд╖्рдХ्рд░िрдп рдк्рд░рддिрд░ोрдз рдирд╣ीं рдеा। рдЗрд╕рдХा рдорддрд▓рдм рд▓ोрдЧों рдХी рдмрдб़ी рднीрдб़ рдж्рд╡ाрд░ा рддीрд╡्рд░ рд░ाрдЬрдиीрддिрдХ рдЧрддिрд╡िрдзि рдеा।

1917-18 рдХे рджौрд░ाрди рдЧांрдзी рдиे рдЬिрди рддीрди рд╕्рдеाрдиीрдп рд╡िрд╡ाрджों рдоें рдкрд╣рд▓ी рдмाрд░ рд╕рдд्рдпाрдЧ्рд░рд╣ рдХी рддрдХрдиीрдХ рд▓ाрдЧू рдХी, рд╡े рдЪंрдкाрд░рдг (рдЙрдд्рддрд░ी рдмिрд╣ाрд░), рдЦेрдб़ा (рдЧुрдЬрд░ाрдд) рдФрд░ рдЕрд╣рдорджाрдмाрдж рдоें рдеे। рдЪंрдкाрд░рдг рдоें рдЙрди्рд╣ोंрдиे рдЬрдоींрджाрд░ों рдХे рдЦिрд▓ाрдл, рдЦेрдб़ा рдоें рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рдХी рдлрд╕рд▓ рдЦрд░ाрдм рд╣ोрдиे рдкрд░ рднूрдоि-рд░ाрдЬрд╕्рд╡ рд╡рд╕ूрд▓ी рдХे рдЦिрд▓ाрдл рдФрд░ рдЕрд╣рдорджाрдмाрдж рдоें рдоिрд▓ рдоाрд▓िрдХों рдХे рдЦिрд▓ाрдл рдоिрд▓ рдордЬрджूрд░ों рдХे рдЦिрд▓ाрдл рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рдХा рдоुрдж्рджा рдЙрдаाрдпा। рдк्рд░рдд्рдпेрдХ рдоाрдорд▓े рдоें, рд░рдгрдиीрддि рд╕рдд्рдпाрдЧ्рд░рд╣ рдеी, рдФрд░ рд╕िрдж्рдзांрдд рд╕рдд्рдп рдФрд░ рдЕрд╣िंрд╕ा рдеे। рдФрд░ рд╣рд░ рдоाрдорд▓े рдоें, рдЧांрдзी рдХे рдЕрдзीрди рдХाрдо рдХрд░рдиे рд╡ाрд▓ी рд╡ाрд╕्рддрд╡िрдХ рд╢рдХ्рддि 'рд╕ाрдоूрд╣िрдХ рднाрдЧीрджाрд░ी' рдеी।

10. Write briefly on the heritage of paintings in Assam.  4

ржЕрж╕ржорз░ ржЪিржд্рз░ржХрж▓াрз░ ржРрждিрж╣্ржпрз░ ржмিрж╖ржп়ে ржЪржоুржХৈ рж▓িржЦা।

ржЕрж╕ржоেрж░ ржЪিржд্рж░ржХрж▓াрж░ ржРрждিрж╣্ржпেрж░ ржмিрж╖ржп়ে рж╕ংржХ্рж╖েржкে рж▓েржЦাে।

рдЖрд╕ाрдордиि рдорд╣рд░ рд╕ोрд░рдЬि рдЖрд░िрдоुрдиि рдЬाрд░िрдоिрдиाрд░ि рдмेрд╕ेрдирдеिрдиि рдмाрдЧै рдЧुрд╕ुрдбै рд▓िрд░।

рдЕрд╕рдо рдХी рдЪिрдд्рд░рдХрд▓ा рдХे рдЧौрд░рд╡ рдХे рдмाрд░े рдоें рд╕ंрдХ्рд╖िрдк्рдд рд╡рд░्рдгрди рдХीрдЬिрдП।

Ans:- In Assam, the Ahoms developed both literature and painting from the beginning of their settlement in the Brahmaputra Valley. Painting developed as an art and the tradition of depicting books through paintings developed and became widely practiced in Assam during the medieval period. The tradition of depicting literary works with painting grew under the patronage and influence of the Neo-Vaishnavite religious movement. Literary works were produced especially in Sanchipat. A characteristic of the early writings in Ahom literature was that they left some spacing for illustration with miniatures. Reading books was a great attraction. Illustrated books written on Sanchipat include Hastibidiranav, Ananda Lahiri, Chitra Bhagwat, Geet Govinda, Kumar Haran, Shankhachur Buddha, Luv Kushar Yudh etc. These illustrated works are known for their exquisite quality as well as their local touch.

The credit of writing the book 'Hashtibidyaranava' in the area of ​​Ahom king Saba Singha goes to Sukumar Borkaith. This famous work was painted by two painters- Dilbar and Dosai. One of the drawbacks of the development of painting in Assam during the medieval period was that only pictorial painting flourished and other forms of painting were sidelined, leading to their decline during this period.

In this type of painting, pictures were made with natural colors. First Sanchipat was painted in a certain colour, then portraits of kings, palaces, deities, animals etc. were later made according to the requirements of the subject matter. Then the empty space was filled with flowers, vines etc. Most of the colors used were red, green, yellow and black. The Ahom kings patronized painters from the 17th century onwards, while illustrated books were developed under the patronage of learned teachers.

рдЙрдд्рддрд░:- рдЕрд╕рдо рдоें, рдЕрд╣ोрдоों рдиे рдм्рд░рд╣्рдордкुрдд्рд░ рдШाрдЯी рдоें рдЕрдкрдиी рдмрд╕्рддी рдХी рд╢ुрд░ुрдЖрдд рд╕े рд╣ी рд╕ाрд╣िрдд्рдп рдФрд░ рдЪिрдд्рд░рдХрд▓ा рджोрдиों рдХा рд╡िрдХाрд╕ рдХिрдпा। рдЪिрдд्рд░рдХрд▓ा рдПрдХ рдХрд▓ा рдХे рд░ूрдк рдоें рд╡िрдХрд╕िрдд рд╣ुрдИ рдФрд░ рдЪिрдд्рд░ों рдХे рдоाрдз्рдпрдо рд╕े рдкुрд╕्рддрдХों рдХो рдЪिрдд्рд░िрдд рдХрд░рдиे рдХी рдкрд░ंрдкрд░ा рд╡िрдХрд╕िрдд рд╣ुрдИ рдФрд░ рдордз्рдпрдХाрд▓ рдХे рджौрд░ाрди рдЕрд╕рдо рдоें рд╡्рдпाрдкрдХ рд░ूрдк рд╕े рдк्рд░рдЪрд▓िрдд рд╣ुрдИ। рдЪिрдд्рд░рдХрд▓ा рдХे рд╕ाрде рд╕ाрд╣िрдд्рдпिрдХ рдХाрд░्рдпों рдХो рдЪिрдд्рд░िрдд рдХрд░рдиे рдХी рдкрд░ंрдкрд░ा рдирд╡-рд╡ैрд╖्рдгрд╡ рдзाрд░्рдоिрдХ рдЖंрджोрд▓рди рдХे рд╕ंрд░рдХ्рд╖рдг рдФрд░ рдк्рд░рднाрд╡ рдоें рдмрдв़ी। рд╡िрд╢ेрд╖ рд░ूрдк рд╕े рд╕ांрдЪीрдкрдд рдоें рд╕ाрд╣िрдд्рдпिрдХ рдХृрддिрдпों рдХा рдиिрд░्рдоाрдг рд╣ुрдЖ। рдЕрд╣ोрдо рд╕ाрд╣िрдд्рдп рдоें рдк्рд░ाрд░ंрднिрдХ рд▓ेрдЦрди рдХी рдПрдХ рд╡िрд╢ेрд╖рддा рдпрд╣ рдеी рдХि рдЙрди्рд╣ोंрдиे рд▓рдШुрдЪिрдд्рд░ों рдХे рд╕ाрде рдЪिрдд्рд░рдг рдХे рд▓िрдП рдХुрдЫ рдЕंрддрд░ рдЫोрдб़ рджिрдпा। рдХिрддाрдмें рдкрдв़рдиा рдПрдХ рдмрдб़ा рдЖрдХрд░्рд╖рдг рдеा। рд╕ांрдЪीрдкрдд рдкрд░ рд▓िрдЦी рдЧрдИ рд╕рдЪिрдд्рд░ рдкुрд╕्рддрдХों рдоें рд╣рд╕्рддिрдмिрджिрд░ाрдирд╡, рдЖрдиंрдж рд▓ाрд╣िрдб़ी, рдЪिрдд्рд░ा рднाрдЧрд╡рдд, рдЧीрдд рдЧोрд╡िंрджा, рдХुрдоाрд░ рд╣рд░рди, рд╢ंрдЦрдЪूрд░ рдмुрдж्рдз, рд▓рд╡ рдХुрд╖ाрд░ рдпुрдж्рдз рдЖрджि рд╢ाрдоिрд▓ рд╣ैं। рдЗрди рд╕рдЪिрдд्рд░ рдХाрд░्рдпों рдХो рдЙрдирдХी рдЙрдд्рдХृрд╖्рдЯ рдЧुрдгрд╡рдд्рддा рдХे рд╕ाрде-рд╕ाрде рдЙрдирдХे рд╕्рдеाрдиीрдп рд╕्рдкрд░्рд╢ рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЬाрдиा рдЬाрддा рд╣ै।

рдЕрд╣ोрдо рд░ाрдЬा рд╕рдмा рд╕िंрдШा рдХे рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рдоें 'рд╣рд╖्рдЯिрдмिрдж्рдпрд░рдгрд╡' рдкुрд╕्рддрдХ рд▓िрдЦрдиे рдХा рд╢्рд░ेрдп рд╕ुрдХुрдоाрд░ рдмोрд░рдХैрде рдХो рдЬाрддा рд╣ै। рдЗрд╕ рдк्рд░рд╕िрдж्рдз рдХृрддि рдХो рджो рдЪिрдд्рд░рдХाрд░ों- рджिрд▓рдмрд░ рдФрд░ рджोрд╕ाрдИ рдиे рдЪिрдд्рд░िрдд рдХिрдпा рдеा। рдордз्рдпрдХाрд▓ рдХे рджौрд░ाрди рдЕрд╕рдо рдоें рдЪिрдд्рд░рдХрд▓ा рдХे рд╡िрдХाрд╕ рдХी рдПрдХ рдХрдоी рдпрд╣ рдеी рдХि рдХेрд╡рд▓ рдЪिрдд्рд░ाрдд्рдордХ рдЪिрдд्рд░рдХрд▓ा рд╣ी рдлрд▓ी-рдлूрд▓ी рдФрд░ рдЪिрдд्рд░рдХрд▓ा рдХे рдЕрди्рдп рд░ूрдкों рдХो рджрд░рдХिрдиाрд░ рдХрд░ рджिрдпा рдЧрдпा, рдЬिрд╕рд╕े рдЗрд╕ рдЕрд╡рдзि рдХे рджौрд░ाрди рдЙрдирдХा рдкрддрди рд╣ो рдЧрдпा।

рдЗрд╕ рдк्рд░рдХाрд░ рдХी рдкेंрдЯिंрдЧ рдоें рдк्рд░ाрдХृрддिрдХ рд░ंрдЧों рд╕े рдЪिрдд्рд░ рдмрдиाрдП рдЬाрддे рдеे। рдкрд╣рд▓े рд╕ांрдЪीрдкрдд рдХो рдПрдХ рдиिрд╢्рдЪिрдд рд░ंрдЧ рдоें рдЪिрдд्рд░िрдд рдХिрдпा рдЧрдпा рдеा, рдлिрд░ рд░ाрдЬाрдУं, рдорд╣рд▓ों, рджेрд╡рддाрдУं, рдЬाрдирд╡рд░ों рдЖрджि рдХे рдЪिрдд्рд░ рдмाрдж рдоें рд╡िрд╖рдп рд╡рд╕्рддु рдХी рдЖрд╡рд╢्рдпрдХрддाрдУं рдХे рдЕрдиुрд╕ाрд░ рдмрдиाрдП рдЧрдП рдеे। рдлिрд░ рдЦाрд▓ी рдЬрдЧрд╣ рдХो рдлूрд▓ों, рд▓рддाрдУं рдЖрджि рд╕े рднрд░ рджिрдпा рдЧрдпा। рдЬ्рдпाрджाрддрд░ рд░ंрдЧों рдХा рдЗрд╕्рддेрдоाрд▓ рд▓ाрд▓, рд╣рд░ा, рдкीрд▓ा рдФрд░ рдХाрд▓ा рдеा। рдЕрд╣ोрдо рд░ाрдЬाрдУं рдиे 17рд╡ीं рд╢рддाрдм्рджी рдХे рдмाрдж рд╕े рдЪिрдд्рд░рдХाрд░ों рдХो рд╕ंрд░рдХ्рд╖рдг рджिрдпा, рдЬрдмрдХि рд╕рдЪिрдд्рд░ рдкुрд╕्рддрдХें рд╡िрдж्рд╡ाрди рд╢िрдХ्рд╖рдХों рдХे рд╕ंрд░рдХ्рд╖рдг рдоें рд╡िрдХрд╕िрдд рдХी рдЧрдИं।



AHSEC| CLASS 12| SOCIOLOGY| SOLVED PAPER - 2015| H.S. 2ND YEAR

 

AHSEC| CLASS 12| SOCIOLOGY| SOLVED PAPER - 2015| H.S. 2ND YEAR

2015
Sociology
Full marks: 100
Time: 3 hours

 

1. Answer the following questions:   1x12=12

(a) What is the name of dormitory of Naga?

Ans: Morung.

(b) Who wrote the novel 'Invisible Man'?

Ans: Ralph Ellison.

(c) Which city is known, as the "Financial capital" of India?

Ans: Mumbai.

(d) When was the first and the last census survey carried out in Independent India?

Ans: 1951 & 2011.

(e) Who is the founder of "Brahmo Samaj"?

Ans: Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

(f) Class in example of (open / closed) stratification.

Ans: Open.

(g) When did M. N. Srinivas develop the concept of Sanskritization?

Ans: 1950

(h) What is the full form of ASEAN?

Ans: Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

(i) Risely has divided the Indian ethnic group into five/six seven/eight numbers.

Ans: Seven.

(j) Where did the first Naxalite movement take place?

Ans: Andra Pradesh.

(k) When was "The National Commission for Minorities Act" passed?

Ans: 1992

(l) Who gave birth to the "All Indian Schedule Caste Federation"?

Ans: Dr. Ambedkar.

2. What do you mean by social justice and social change?    2

Ans: Social justice is the distribution of benefits and how they are allocated in the society. It is considered as a society that provides fair treatment to individuals and groups and provides a fair share of the benefits of the society.

Social change creates community-based responses that address underlying social problems at an individual, institutional, community, national and/or international level.

3. Mention two consequences of industrialization.       2

Ans: (a) Less expensive products are available, (b) New types of products are available.

4. Write differences between caste and class.      2

Ans: The main difference between caste and class as social stratification is that when class is open, matter is closed. Caste is a closed system of social stratification where social mobility is almost zero. On the other hand, class is an open system of social stratification where social mobility is maximum.

Secondly, caste is descriptive, whereas class is somewhat prescriptive. Stratification on the basis of caste is entirely based on birth, whereas stratification on the basis of class is entirely based on economic status.

5. What do you mean by westernization?  2

Ans: According to M.N. Srinivas, Westernization refers to the changes in Indian society and culture as a result of British rule at various levels such as technology, institutions, ideology and values.

6. State two characteristics of joint family.  2

Ans: The followings are the major characteristics of joint family:

(i) Large Size: The size of the joint family is large. This includes parents, children, grandchildren and their wives as well as other close relatives.

(ii) Common Residence: The members of a joint family usually live under one roof.

7. Distinguish between new social movement and old social movement.  2

Ans: The old social movements were either class based such as the working class or the parents movement or the anti-colonial movement. Thus, older social movements clearly saw the restructuring of power relations as a central goal. On the other hand, the new social movements are neither class based nor about the reorganization of state power.

8. Write two demerits of democracy.     2

Ans: Demography is the systematic study of population. Demography studies the trends and processes associated with a population, including changes in population size, patterns of birth, death and migration, the composition and structure of a population, such as the relative proportions of females, males, and different age groups.

9. What do you mean by kinship system?      2

Ans: The bond of blood or marriage which binds people in a group is called Kinship. The importance of kinship lies in the fact that it forms a group. Marriage provides each mother with a husband and makes her children her own children and thus creates a family.

10. State two remedial measures adopted by the govt for upliftment of schedule caste.  2

Ans: The important measures taken are as follows:

(i) Protection from social injustice and various forms of exploitation,

(ii) To open religious institutions of public character to them.

11. Write a note on green revolution.   2

Ans: Green Revolution was a government program of agricultural modernization. It was largely funded by international agencies on the basis of hybrid seeds with pesticides, fertilizers etc. Green Revolution programs were started only in those areas which had assured irrigation. It mainly targeted wheat and rice growing areas.

12. What are the problems that occur due to urbanization. 2

AHSEC| CLASS 12| SOCIOLOGY| QUESTION PAPER - 2020| H.S. 2ND YEAR

 

AHSEC| CLASS 12| SOCIOLOGY| QUESTION PAPER - 2020| H.S. 2ND YEAR

2020
SOCIOLOGY
Full Marks: 100
Pass Marks: 30
Time: Three Hours
(The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions)


1. Answer the following questions:          1x12=12

(a) What do you mean by dependency ratio?

(b) Write the full form of AIDS.

(c) Write the name of the smallest tribe in terms of population in India.

(d) What is the meaning of ‘Laissez-Faire'?

(e) Who first coined the concept of 'Status Symbol's?

(f) Write the sociological meaning of 'Minority Group'.

(g) When did Tea cultivation start in India?

(h) Who first coined the concept of "Sanskritization'?

(i) What is ‘Ryotwari System"?

(j) What do you mean by 'Green Revolution'?

(k) Who was the leader of Jharkhand movement?

(l) Where did the Tebhaga Movement held in?

2. Mention two impacts of colonialism on caste institution of India.         2

3. What are the names designated by Mahatma Gandhi on Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes?  2

4. Write the difference between Social demography and Formal demography.          2

5. What are the types of Kinship System?             2

Or

Write two characteristics of social class.

6. Why inequality and exclusion is called social?                          2

7. Who are Dalits?               2

8. Write the names of two Regional Parties of India.                       2

Or

Write the two factors for emergence of regionalism.

9. Mention the names of any two leaders associated with their social reform organization of India.            2

10. What do you mean by "Structural Change?                2

11. Write two characteristics of Democracy.              2

12. What is the meaning of Liberalisation?               2

13. Write the difference between social change and social mobility.           2

14. Write a note on Population Policy of India.           4

15. What is Demography? Write about the importance of study of social demography.       1+3=4

16. Analyse market as a Social Institution.         4

Or

Write on the Constitutional measures taken by the Government for the welfare of Scheduled Tribes.

17. Write about the functions of family.                   4

Or

Write the characteristics of Tribe.

18. What do you mean by ethnic identity? Mention the factors for emergence of ethnic identity.            1+3=4

19. Write briefly on the role of colonialism in the emergence of new market.             4

20. What is Communalism? What are the causes of emergence of Communalism?   1+3=4

21. What is National Integration? Discuss the disruptive factors for building National Integration of India.      1+3=4

22. Write a note on the Tea industry of Assam.                  4

Or

How Westernization brings about social change in India? Explain.         4

23. Mention four characteristics of globalisation.              4

24. What do you mean by Panchayati Raj System? Discuss the power and responsibilities of Panchayati Raj System in India. 1+5=6

25. What is Land Reform? Discuss the Land reform policy before and after independence of India.         1+5=6

26. What is mass media? Discuss the role of mass media in society.    1+5=6

27. Write briefly on one tribal movement and one ecological movement of India.        3+3=6

Or

Write about the Women's movement in independent India.            6


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CBSE Class VIII English Poorvi Unit 3 MYSTERY AND MAGIC — SPECTACULAR WONDERS Questions and Answers

UNIT 3: MYSTERY AND MAGIC — SPECTACULAR WONDERS Let us do these activities before we read I. Look at the pictures...